Influencia del genotipo y la temperatura sobre la carpelodia en papaya
Fecha
2017
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Bogantes Arias, Antonio
Mora Newcomer, Eric
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Resumen
La carpelodia es un fenómeno que afecta las flores hermafroditas de la papaya y consiste en la transformación de los estambres en carpelos adicionales, que resulta en una malformación de los ovarios y consecuentemente de las frutas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue cuantificar la incidencia de la carpelodia en las flores de papaya, y el efecto de la temperatura sobre dicho fenómeno. El experimento se ejecutó entre octubre del 2006 y enero del 2007 en la Estación Experimental Los Diamantes, localizada en el cantón de Pococí, provincia de Limón, Costa Rica. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron cuatro líneas y cuatro híbridos en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las variables analizadas fueron el número de carpelos en las flores hermafroditas y las temperaturas diarias ocurridas durante los 60 días antes de la antesis de cada flor evaluada. El número de carpelos de las líneas y de los híbridos fue diferente durante cada semana (p≤0,03), así como también en el promedio (p<0,0001) de las doce semanas del estudio. El cruce de una línea carpelódica con líneas de floración normal o ligeramente estériles tendió a producir híbridos con carpelodia, lo cual sugiere que es dominante. El estudio de correlación entre el número de carpelos y la temperatura indicó que la amplitud térmica durante el día fue un factor determinante en la inducción de la carpelodia.
Carpellody is a phenomenon that affects hermaphrodite flowers of papaya, and consists in the transformation of the stamens into additional carpels, resulting in ovary malformation that consequently affects fruit shape and diminishes its market value. The objective of this study was to quantify the incidence of flower carpellody in papaya, and the effect of temperature on this phenomenon. An experiment was carried out between October of 2006 and January of 2007 at ”Los Diamantes” Agricultural Experiment Station, located in the province of Limón. Four breeding lines and four experimental hybrids were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The analyzed variables were the carpel number for ovaries of hermaphrodite flowers and the daily temperature during a 60-day period prior to floral anthesis of each evaluated flower. The carpel number of lines and hybrids differed significantly each week (p≤0,03). Line and hybrid averages also differed significantly during the twelve-week period (p<0,0001). The cross between a strong carpellodic line and a stable or a weak female-sterile line resulted in a hybrid that exhibited carpellody, which suggests that carpellody is dominant. The correlation between carpel number and temperature suggests that the amplitude of temperature fluctuations during the day was a determinant factor in the induction of carpellody.
Carpellody is a phenomenon that affects hermaphrodite flowers of papaya, and consists in the transformation of the stamens into additional carpels, resulting in ovary malformation that consequently affects fruit shape and diminishes its market value. The objective of this study was to quantify the incidence of flower carpellody in papaya, and the effect of temperature on this phenomenon. An experiment was carried out between October of 2006 and January of 2007 at ”Los Diamantes” Agricultural Experiment Station, located in the province of Limón. Four breeding lines and four experimental hybrids were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The analyzed variables were the carpel number for ovaries of hermaphrodite flowers and the daily temperature during a 60-day period prior to floral anthesis of each evaluated flower. The carpel number of lines and hybrids differed significantly each week (p≤0,03). Line and hybrid averages also differed significantly during the twelve-week period (p<0,0001). The cross between a strong carpellodic line and a stable or a weak female-sterile line resulted in a hybrid that exhibited carpellody, which suggests that carpellody is dominant. The correlation between carpel number and temperature suggests that the amplitude of temperature fluctuations during the day was a determinant factor in the induction of carpellody.
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Palabras clave
Flor hermafrodita, Carpelos, Esterilidad femenina, Amplitud térmica, Hermaphrodite-flower, Carpels, Female-sterility, Temperature amplitude