Communities in DSpace
Select a community to browse its collections.
Recent Submissions
Fruit and Vegetables Carotenoids Intake in Eight Latin American Countries, Results from the ELANS Study
(2020) Gómez Salas, Georgina; Cortés Sanabria, Lilia Yadira; Murillo Solis, Ana Gabriela; Kovalskys, Irina; Fisberg, Mauro; Herrera Cuenca, Marianella; Yépez García, Martha Cecilia; Pareja Torres, Rossina Gabriella; Rigotti, Attilio
Objectives: To determine carotenoid intake (Beta and alpha carotene, lycopene and beta cryptoxanthin) from fruit and vegetable sources in ELANS participating countries. Methods: Data were obtained from the Latin American Health and Nutrition Study (ELANS), a multicenter study developed in urban areas of 8 Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Dietary intake among 9218 participants (15- 65 y) was assessed using two 24-hour recall and processed by Nutritional Data System for Research (NDS-R).Fruits and vegetables were classified according to the 2002–2007 FAO Supply Utilization Accounts Data. Major food sources of carotenoids were assessed using weighed-proportions. Median intake, expressed as micrograms per day (mcg/d), and sources of carotenoids were performed by country. Results: ∗All data is presented as mcg/d The highest intake for betacarotene was reported in Ecuador (2659.6 ± 82.8) and the lowest in Brazil (1368.9 ± 42.2). The same trend was observed for alpha-carotene (290.6 ± 15.2 in Brazil vs 975.6 ± 33.5 in Ecuador). The main sources of these carotenoids are root vegetables such as carrots and beets. In the case of lycopene, Ecuador showed the highest average intake (3038.5 ± 174.3) whereas Peru showed the lowest (1111.7 ± 75.2). The most important source of this carotenoid is fruity vegetables, such as tomatoes. For beta cryptoxanthin, the highest intake was observed in Venezuela (246.3 ± 10.7) and the lowest was reported in Brazil (99.5 ± 5.3) Conclusions: Fruits and vegetables are important sources of carotenoids in the human diet. Of all countries included in this study, Brazil had the lowest intake of beta and alpha carotene and beta cryptoxanthin, and Ecuador had the highest intake of beta and alpha carotene and lycopene. Further studies are needed to assess bioavailability and serum concentrations in order to establish dietary recommendations regarding both pro vitamin and non pro-vitamin A carotenoids
Top food sources of energy and nutrients-to-limit among Latin Americans: Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS) 2014–2015
(2020-06-10) ELANS Group; Fisberg, Regina Mara; Barco Leme, Ana Carolina; Veroneze de Mello, Aline; Salles, Cristiane; Martínez Arroyo, Angela; Gómez Salas, Georgina; Kovalskys, Irina; Pareja Torres, Rossina Gabriella; Yépez García, Martha Cecilia; Cortés Sanabria, Lilia Yadira; Herrera Cuenca, Marianella; Rigotti, Attilio; Fisberg, Mauro
Introduction
Although evidence shows some decrease in energy intake, consumption of added sugars, solid fat acids (SFA), and sodium are still high among Latin Americans. This study evaluated top food sources contributing to the percentage of energy and nutrients-to-limit among Latin Americans.
Materials and Methods
Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS) cross-sectional included 9,218 adults from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. 24h-recalls were used and foods were identified via adaptation of “What We Eat in America” system. Food sources of energy and nutrient-to-limit were ranked based on the percentage of intake contribution.
Results
Argentina energy food sources were pizza (11.8%), and meats (5.7%); added sugars were sweetened beverages (14.3%), and quick breads (12.4%); SFA was pizza (22.2%) and meats (7.8%); and sodium was pizza (15.5%), and soup (7.6%). Brazil energy sources were alcoholic beverages (9.3%), and pizza (6.9%); added sugars were sweetened beverages (14.7%) and desserts (14.3%); SFA and sodium were pizza (9.0% and 9.9%) and sandwiches (9.4%). Chile energy sources were pizza (11.9%) and grain-based dishes (5.6%); added sugars were sweet bakeries (16.6%) and sweetened beverages (13.8%); SFA and sodium were pizza (19.6% and 21.2%) and sandwiches (7.4% and 7.7%). Colombia energy sources were pizza (6.6%) and alcoholic beverages (5.6%); added sugars were snacks (15.2%) and desserts (12.9%); SFA were desserts (9.7%) and pizza (7.6%); and sodium were soups (11.8%) and pizza (10.5%). Costa Rica energy sources were pizza (8.7%) and alcoholic beverages (6.9%), added sugars were sweetened beverages (13.0%) and candy (10.5%); SFA was pizza (12.0%) and Mexican dishes (8.9%); and sodium was pizza (13.5%) and sandwiches (8.8%). Ecuador energy sources were grain dishes (7.7%) and alcoholic beverages (6.8%), added sugars were sweetened beverages (14.6%) and desserts (12.6%), SFA was pizza (8.8%) and grain-based dishes (7.5%), and sodium were Asian dishes (10.4%) and grain-based dishes (9.2%). Peru energy sources were grain-based dishes (8.9%) and alcoholic beverages (8.2%), added sugars were yogurts (18.6%) and sweetened beverages (14.3%), SFA was pizza (8.6%) and sandwiches (8.1%), and sodium were grain-based dishes (17.2%) and cooked grains (14.9%). Venezuela energy sources were grain-based dishes (6.9%) and alcoholic beverages (6.1%), added sugars were sweetened beverages (13.5%) and desserts (11.3%), SFA were grain-based dishes (11.3%) and meats (7.7%), and sodium were sandwiches (9.0%) and grain-based dishes (7.9%).
Discussion
Awareness of food sources is critical for designing strategies to help Latin Americans meet nutrient recommendations within energy needs.
A Landscape of Micronutrient Dietary Intake by 15- to 65-Years-Old Urban Population in 8 Latin American Countries: Results From the Latin American Study of Health and Nutrition
(2023-12-19) Monge Rojas, Rafael; Vargas Quesada, Rulamán; Nogueira Previdelli, Agatha; Kovalskys, Irina; Herrera Cuenca, Marianella; Cortés Sanabria, Lilia Yadira; Yepez García, Martha Cecilia; Liria Domínguez, María Reyna; Rigotti, Attilio; Mara Fisberg, Regina; Moraes Ferrari, Gerson Luis; Fisberg, Mauro; Gómez Salas, Georgina
Background:
Latin American countries have shifted from traditional diets rich in micronutrients to a Westernized diet rich in high energy-dense foods and low in micronutrients.
Objective:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of adequate micronutrient intakes in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries.
Method:
Micronutrient dietary intake data were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 from 9216 men and women aged 15.0 to 65.0 years living in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries. Dietary intake was collected using two 24-hour recalls on nonconsecutive days. Micronutrient adequacy of intake was calculated using the Estimated Average Requirement cut-off method.
Results:
In general terms, the prevalence of inadequate intake of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, cobalamin, iron, phosphorus, copper, and selenium ranged from 0.4% to 9.9%. In contrast, the prevalence of inadequacy of pyridoxine, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin A ranged from 15.7% to 51.5%. The nutrients with a critical prevalence of inadequacy were magnesium (80.5%), calcium (85.7%), and vitamin D (98.2%). The highest prevalence of inadequate intakes was observed in the low educational level, participants with overweight/obesity, in men, and varies according to socioeconomic status.
Conclusions:
There is an urgent need to define direct regional actions and strategies in Latin America aimed at improving micronutrient adequacy, either through staple food fortification programs, agronomic biofortification, or food policies that facilitate economic access to micronutrient-rich foods.
A new species and a new record of oncidioid micro-orchids (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) for the flora of Costa Rica
(2026) Pupulin, Franco; Villalobos Valenciano, Gerson; Salas Hidalgo, Elvira; Bogarín Chaves, Diego Gerardo
Background: The subtribe Oncidiinae represents one of the most diverse orchid groups in CostaRica, comprising 186 species across 33 genera.
Questions: Despite their already known great richness, is it possible that the diversity of smaller and less conspicuous genera remains poorly documented, especially in regions where collecting efforts have been limited? To address the diversity of the genus, what is the most suitable circumscription of Notyliopsis?
Taxa: Orchidaceae, Macroclinium geniculatum Pupulin & Bogarín, sp. nov., Notyliopsis beatricis P.Ortiz.
Study sites: Reserva Biológica Guaitil, Pejibaye, Costa Rica; Calle La Mina, Tayutic, Costa Rica
Results: As part of the ongoing initiative to update the Flora costaricensis: Orchidaceae, we describe a new species of Macroclinium and report the first national record of Notyliopsis, both members of the Oncidiinae.
Conclusions. Macroclinium geniculatum is described, illustrated, and compared with the similar M. confertum Pupulin, from which it mainly differs in the free lateral sepals (vs. basally connate), the petals with three large rose-purple blotches (vs. numerous dots), the sigmoid column (vs. straight), and the claw of the lip being abruptly geniculate at the middle (vs. straight). Notyliopsis beatricis, previously known only from Chocó, Colombia, i 49 s newly recorded for the Costa Rican flora. We used molecular data to reassess the phylogentic position of Notyliopsis and to test the previously proposed hypothesis that Santenderella should be included within this genus. For both species, detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations based on Costa Rican specimens are provided. These findings contribute to the ongoing updating of the inventory of the Oncidiinae in the country towards the completion of Flora costaricensis.
Antecedentes: La subtribus Oncidiinae representa uno de los grupos de orquídeas más diversos en Costa Rica, incluyendo 186 especies en 33 géneros.
Preguntas: A pesar de su gran riqueza ya conocida, ¿es posible que la diversidad de los génerosmmás pequeños y menos conspicuos permanezca poco documentada, especialmente en regionesmdonde los esfuerzos de recolecta han sido limitados? Para abordar la diversidad del género, ¿cuál es la circunscripción más adecuada de Notyliopsis?
Taxones: Orchidaceae, Macroclinium geniculatum Pupulin & Bogarín, sp. nov., Notyliopsis beatricis P. Ortiz.
Sitios de estudio: Reserva Biológica Guaitil, Pejibaye, Costa Rica; Calle La Mina, Tayutic, Costa Rica
Resultados. Como parte de la iniciativa para actualizar Flora costaricensis: Orchidaceae, describimos una nueva especie de Macroclinium y documentamos el primer registro nacional de Notyliopsis, ambos miembros de Oncidiinae.
Conclusiones: Se describe y se ilustra Macroclinium geniculatum 73 y se compara con la especie M. confertum Pupulin, de la cual difiere principalmente en los sépalos lateral libres (vs. connados en la base), los pétalos con tres manchas grandes de color rosa-púrpura (vs. numerosos puntos), la columna sigmoide (vs. recta) y la uña del labelo abruptamente geniculada en el medio (vs. recta). Notyliopsis beatricis, hasta ahora conocida solamente del Chocó, Colombia, se registra por primera vez para la flora de Costa Rica. Utilizamos datos moleculares para reevaluar la posición filogenética de Notyliopsis y probar la hipótesis previamente propuesta de que Santenderella debería incluirse dentro de este género. Para ambas especies se proveen descripciones morfológicas detalladas e ilustraciones basadas en especímenes costarricenses. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la actualización del inventario de Oncidiinae, encaminada a completar Flora costaricensis.
Ictiofauna de la zona intermareal rocosa del Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica: diversidad y aspectos ecológicos y biogeográficos
(2021-10-01) Angulo Sibaja, Arturo; Martínez Servín, Francisco; Torres Hernández, Eloísa; Domínguez Domínguez, Omar; Cortés Núñez, Jorge
Introduction: The rocky intertidal constitutes a dominant coastal seascape in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, harboring highly diverse and functionally complex biological communities. The knowledge about the diversity and the diverse biological processes that occur in such environments is, however, quite limited on a regional scale.
Objective: Quantify, describe and compare (on a regional scale) the ichthyological diversity associated with the rocky intertidal zone of the Guanacaste Conservation Area (ACG), Costa Rica, as well as to evaluate and discuss some biogeographic and ecological patterns. Methods: A total of 49 tide pools were sampled between 2014 and 2019, at seven locations within the ACG. Data on absolute diversity (presence/absence of species) were obtained, in addition to some ecological data (residence status, development stage (s), trophic guild, aggregation and cryptic habits and generalized geographic distribution), these data were compared with published records from other surveys/inventories carried out at various locations (20) along the Eastern Pacific coast. Through a similarity analysis, both possible clustering
patterns between localities (according to their species composition) and previous hypotheses of regionalization, under a biogeographic perspective, were evaluated.
Results: A total of 67 species of bony fish were recorded in the rocky intertidal area of the ACG, being this the most diverse locality (with published data) in the Eastern Pacific. The components/categories “transitory” with 30 species (44.8 %), “juveniles” with 38 species (55.9 %), “carnivores” with 47 species (70.1 %), “solitary” with 32 species (47.8 %) and “endemic to the ETP” with 66 species (98 %), were dominant (in terms of the total number of species) within the ACG. The results of the similarity analysis supported the biogeographic division scheme, defined a priori; with the localities within the Californian, Cortez, Mexican, Panamic and Peruvian-Chilean provinces recovered as highly consistent groups. This structure is consistent with the effect of barriers such as the sandy gaps of Sinaloa and Central America, among others, limiting the flow of species between biogeographic units. Conclusions: The ACG has a high ichthyological diversity associated with its rocky intertidal zone, which is product of a unique combination of factors at the regional level. The results of this study reinforce the need to carry out more basic and applied studies with the aim of helping to better understand and know different key aspects of the dynamics and physical-chemical-biological processes occurring in intertidal zones, of its associated
biological diversity, of its importance within the marine-coastal landscape as a continuum and of the possible effects that these environments could suffer due to the impact of human activities.