Huellas narrativas de la Guerra Fria en Centroamérica y el Caribe entre la historiografía y la novela Costa Rica 1948, Guatemala 1954 y Cuba 1959-1962.
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Este es un trabajo que inicia con una reflexión teórica sobre la relación que se da entre las novelas y los textos historiográficos, entendidos ambos registros, con sus similitudes y referencias, como formas narrativas desde las cuales se cuenta el tiempo humano y, a su vez, cada texto, historiográfico o novelesco, viene a ser interpretado como huella de acontecimientos sociales que requieren elaboración, comprensión, y es por medio de esos textos que se intenta ese ejercicio. Los acontecimientos, entonces, anteceden a los textos y los posibilitan.
Asimismo, entre el acontecimiento social y el texto que lo elabora se encuentra un sujeto situado, un sujeto afectado por su visión de mundo, por su historia personal, por su género, por la ideología, por su deseo y su voluntad política, un sujeto que transfiere sus emociones en los textos les carga de afectos y les da una dirección ideológica.
Esta comprensión teórica de novelas y de textos historiográficos la pongo a trabajar para pensar la Guerra Fría y, puntualmente, sus efectos durante sus primeros años en tres sociedades caribeñas, dos centroamericanas: Guatemala y Costa Rica, y una insular: Cuba.
Los acontecimientos escogidos son la Guerra Civil de 1948 en Costa Rica, la caída de Juan Jacobo Arbenz en 1954 en Guatemala y los primeros años de la Revolución cubana, 1959-1962. A cada uno de ellos me acerco por medio de un libro de historia y una novela, los cuales interpreto desde la propuesta teórica anteriormente expuesta, desde la que se sostiene además que las novelas y los textos historiográficos son formas complementarias de saber que unidas potencian la capacidad de comprensión de los investigadores y permiten un entendimiento más profundo de momentos determinantes para las sociedades, en este caso Costa Rica, Guatemala y Cuba.
Para Costa Rica interpreto la novela Los leños vivientes, de Fabián Dobles y el libro de historia Crisis social y memorias en lucha: guerra civil en Costa Rica, 1940-1948. Para Guatemala trabajo la novela Tiempos recios, de Mario Vargas Llosa y el libro de historia La esperanza rota: la Revolución guatemalteca y los Estados Unidos, 1944-1954, de Piero Gleijeses. Finalmente, para al caso cubano me aproximo por medio de la novela La consagración de la primavera, de Alejo Carpentier y el libro Historia de la Revolución cubana, de Sergio Guerra y Alejo Maldonado.
This is a work that begins with a theoretical reflection on the relationship between novels and historiographical texts, understood both registers, with their similarities and references, as narrative forms from which human time is told and, in turn, each text, historiographical or novelistic, comes to be interpreted as a trace of social events that require elaboration, comprehension, and it is through these texts that this exercise is attempted. The events, then, precede the texts and make them possible. Likewise, between the social event and the text that elaborates it there is a situated subject, a subject affected by their vision of the world, by their personal history, by their gender, by ideology, by their desire and their political will, a subject who transfers their emotions in the texts, charges them with affections and gives them an ideological direction. I put this theoretical understanding of novels and historiographical texts to work to think about the Cold War and, specifically, its effects during its first years in three caribbean societies, two central american: Guatemala and Costa Rica, and one insular: Cuba. The events chosen are the 1948 Civil War in Costa Rica, the fall of Juan Jacobo Arbenz in 1954 in Guatemala and the first years of the Cuban Revolution, 1959- 1962. I approach each of them through a history book and a novel, which I interpret from the theoretical proposal previously exposed, from which it is also argued that novels and historiographical texts are complementary forms of knowledge that together enhance the capacity of understanding of researchers and allow a deeper comprenhension of decisive moments for societies, in this case Costa Rica, Guatemala and Cuba. For Costa Rica I interpreted the novel Los leños vivientes, by Fabián Dobles and the history book Crisis social y memorias en lucha: guerra civil en Costa Rica, 1940- 1948. For Guatemala I worked on the novel Tiempos recios, by Mario Vargas Llosa and the history book La esperanza rota: la Revolución guatemalteca y los Estados Unidos, 1944-1954, by Piero Gleijeses. Finally, for the cuban case, I approach it through the novel La consagración de la primavera, by Alejo Carpentier and the book Historia de la Revolución cubana, by Sergio Guerra and Alejo Maldonado.
This is a work that begins with a theoretical reflection on the relationship between novels and historiographical texts, understood both registers, with their similarities and references, as narrative forms from which human time is told and, in turn, each text, historiographical or novelistic, comes to be interpreted as a trace of social events that require elaboration, comprehension, and it is through these texts that this exercise is attempted. The events, then, precede the texts and make them possible. Likewise, between the social event and the text that elaborates it there is a situated subject, a subject affected by their vision of the world, by their personal history, by their gender, by ideology, by their desire and their political will, a subject who transfers their emotions in the texts, charges them with affections and gives them an ideological direction. I put this theoretical understanding of novels and historiographical texts to work to think about the Cold War and, specifically, its effects during its first years in three caribbean societies, two central american: Guatemala and Costa Rica, and one insular: Cuba. The events chosen are the 1948 Civil War in Costa Rica, the fall of Juan Jacobo Arbenz in 1954 in Guatemala and the first years of the Cuban Revolution, 1959- 1962. I approach each of them through a history book and a novel, which I interpret from the theoretical proposal previously exposed, from which it is also argued that novels and historiographical texts are complementary forms of knowledge that together enhance the capacity of understanding of researchers and allow a deeper comprenhension of decisive moments for societies, in this case Costa Rica, Guatemala and Cuba. For Costa Rica I interpreted the novel Los leños vivientes, by Fabián Dobles and the history book Crisis social y memorias en lucha: guerra civil en Costa Rica, 1940- 1948. For Guatemala I worked on the novel Tiempos recios, by Mario Vargas Llosa and the history book La esperanza rota: la Revolución guatemalteca y los Estados Unidos, 1944-1954, by Piero Gleijeses. Finally, for the cuban case, I approach it through the novel La consagración de la primavera, by Alejo Carpentier and the book Historia de la Revolución cubana, by Sergio Guerra and Alejo Maldonado.
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Novelas, Textos historiográficos, Análisis, Guerra Fría, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Cuba
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