Propuesta de Política Local para el Envejecimiento Saludable a partir del Estilo de Vida de la población mayor de 40 años del Cantón de Curridabat en el 2024
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Murillo Rodríguez, Ericka Carolina
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Abstract
El estilo de vida es concebido como un comportamiento cotidiano y que permanece en el tiempo, el cual evidencia los patrones individuales de conducta de una persona; además, está determinado por factores sociales, culturales y personales. La etapa previa a la adultez mayor constituye una oportunidad para promover la modificación de hábitos por conductas saludables para el alcance de mayores años con calidad de vida. El objetivo del presente estudio fue diseñar una política local para promover el envejecimiento saludable a partir del estilo de vida de la población de 40 años en adelante para la Municipalidad de Curridabat en el 2024. Se realizó una investigación acción, dentro del paradigma teoría crítica, con 90 personas adultas y adultas mayores, pertenecientes a grupos cautivos del cantón de Curridabat, quienes respondieron una encuesta autoadministrada sobre sus condiciones sociodemográficas y el cuestionario de Perfil del Estilo de Vida Saludable de Pender II (PEPS-II). Además, se realizaron dos foros comunales con la participación de 17 personas para la presentación y discusión de los resultados. Por último, se consolidó la propuesta de política local. Los adultos y adultos mayores mostraron estilo de vida promotor de salud categorizado como bueno, con puntajes menores en actividad física y manejo del estrés. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa por sexo ni distrito de residencia, sin embargo en cuanto a la variable edad, se evidencia diferencia en la dimensión manejo del estrés. Se definieron los ejes Estilo de Vida, Entorno y Gobernanza a partir de los hallazgos para la elaboración del Plan de Acción de la política. La participación comunitaria en la formulación de políticas públicas locales permite el diagnóstico y la construcción desde el diálogo con las personas que proponen acciones u estrategias para el alcance del envejecimiento saludable desde su medio y realidad colectiva.
Lifestyle is conceived as a daily behavior that persists over time, reflecting an individual's patterns of conduct. It is also determined by social, cultural, and personal factors. The period before becoming an older adult is an opportunity to promote the modification of habits towards healthier behaviors, aiming to achieve more years of life with quality. The objective of this study was to design a local policy to promote healthy aging based on the lifestyle of the population aged 40 and over for the Municipality of Curridabat in 2024. Action research was conducted within the critical theory paradigm, involving 90 adults and older adults from captive groups in the Curridabat canton. These participants completed a self-administered survey on their sociodemographic conditions and the Healthy Lifestyle Profile II questionnaire by Pender. Additionally, two community forums were held, with 17 participants, to present and discuss the results. Lastly, the proposal for the local policy was consolidated. Adults and older adults showed a health-promoting lifestyle categorized as moderate, with lower scores in physical activity and stress management. No statistically significant differences were found by sex or district of residence; however, regarding the age variable, a difference was evident in the stress management dimension. The axes of Lifestyle, Environment, and Governance were defined based on the findings for the development of the policy's Action Plan. Community participation in the formulation of local public policies enables diagnosis and construction through dialogue with individuals who propose actions or strategies to achieve healthy aging from their environment and collective reality.
Lifestyle is conceived as a daily behavior that persists over time, reflecting an individual's patterns of conduct. It is also determined by social, cultural, and personal factors. The period before becoming an older adult is an opportunity to promote the modification of habits towards healthier behaviors, aiming to achieve more years of life with quality. The objective of this study was to design a local policy to promote healthy aging based on the lifestyle of the population aged 40 and over for the Municipality of Curridabat in 2024. Action research was conducted within the critical theory paradigm, involving 90 adults and older adults from captive groups in the Curridabat canton. These participants completed a self-administered survey on their sociodemographic conditions and the Healthy Lifestyle Profile II questionnaire by Pender. Additionally, two community forums were held, with 17 participants, to present and discuss the results. Lastly, the proposal for the local policy was consolidated. Adults and older adults showed a health-promoting lifestyle categorized as moderate, with lower scores in physical activity and stress management. No statistically significant differences were found by sex or district of residence; however, regarding the age variable, a difference was evident in the stress management dimension. The axes of Lifestyle, Environment, and Governance were defined based on the findings for the development of the policy's Action Plan. Community participation in the formulation of local public policies enables diagnosis and construction through dialogue with individuals who propose actions or strategies to achieve healthy aging from their environment and collective reality.
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Keywords
Política de la salud, Política gubernamental, Envejecimiento, Estilo de vida