Análisis fisicoquímico de materias primas y sustratos de uso potencial en almácigos de hortalizas
Fecha
2005
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Quesada Roldán, Gustavo
Méndez Soto, Carlos H.
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Costa Rica
Resumen
Se realizó una caracterización fisicoquímica de materias primas, recolectadas en diferentes regiones del país, útiles en la conformación de un sustrato para la elaboración de almácigos hortícolas, en la Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM), Alajuela, Costa Rica, en el periodo comprendido del 21 de febrero del 2003 al 16 de enero del 2004. Se determinaron las propiedades de porosidad total, capacidad de retención de agua, conductividad eléctrica y pH; de acuerdo a esta caracterización se seleccionaron las siguientes materias primas: abono orgánico Juan Viñas, lombricompost de broza, lombricompost de cabra, suelo fermentado, fibra de coco, bagazo de caña de azúcar, granza de arroz, aserrín de melina madurado, ceniza de bagazo, peat moss + perlita, sustrato comercial 2, piedra pómez, arena y suelo. A partir de los resultados de la caracterización, se realizó la mezcla de estas materias primas para su posible utilización como sustrato hortícola. Ninguna de las mezclas elaboradas mostró valores de conductividad eléctrica mayores a los permitidos. Producto de una solarización previa efectuada a las mezclas, se presentaron valores extremos de pH hacia niveles ácidos como básicos. Referente a las propiedades físicas se encontró un mejoramiento evidente de la porosidad total y la capacidad de retención de agua al mezclar las materias primas.
Raw materials with potential for use as growth media for seedling production were collected from around the country and characterized during the period of February 21, 2003 to January 16, 2004. These materials included: Juan Viñas compost, goat earthworm castings, coffee rubbish earthworm castings, fermented soil, coconut coir, sugar cane bagasse, rice hulk, partially composted gmelina arborea sawdust, bagasse ashes, peat moss + perlite, commercial substrate 2, pumice, sand and soil, and were selected because of their optimal values for total porosity, water retention capacity, electrical conductivity and pH. Based on this characterization, mixed substrates of raw material were made in order to get a good horticultural substrate. Any of the mixed substrates showed electrical conductivity values greater than the critic level. However, a previous solarization of substrates produced extreme pH values (both acid and basic levels). The physical properties of mixed substrates were improved notoriously, especially regarding total porosity and water retention capacity.
Raw materials with potential for use as growth media for seedling production were collected from around the country and characterized during the period of February 21, 2003 to January 16, 2004. These materials included: Juan Viñas compost, goat earthworm castings, coffee rubbish earthworm castings, fermented soil, coconut coir, sugar cane bagasse, rice hulk, partially composted gmelina arborea sawdust, bagasse ashes, peat moss + perlite, commercial substrate 2, pumice, sand and soil, and were selected because of their optimal values for total porosity, water retention capacity, electrical conductivity and pH. Based on this characterization, mixed substrates of raw material were made in order to get a good horticultural substrate. Any of the mixed substrates showed electrical conductivity values greater than the critic level. However, a previous solarization of substrates produced extreme pH values (both acid and basic levels). The physical properties of mixed substrates were improved notoriously, especially regarding total porosity and water retention capacity.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Hortalizas, almácigos, sustratos, análisis fisicoquímicos, Vegetable crops, seedlings, substrates, physicochemical analysis