Prácticas de salud sexual en hombres con HIV-SIDA, que se autodenominan gay: una revisión integrativa
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Abstract
Este proyecto aborda la situación de la población gay portadores de HIV/SIDA en Costa Rica, desde una perspectiva de salud sexual y el rol del profesional en enfermería obstétrica. La estigmatización social, junto con la desinformación y el miedo al juicio, ha limitado el acceso de esta población a servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva. Esta situación se ve agravada por prácticas sexuales de riesgo, en parte influenciadas por el uso de drogas y alcohol, y por la falta de estrategias efectivas de educación sexual. El trabajo subraya la importancia del profesional de enfermería en obstetricia como agente clave en la promoción del autocuidado, la autoestima y una salud sexual integral. Se hace énfasis en la necesidad de brindar atención libre de prejuicios, culturalmente coherente y centrada en una visión biopsicosocial de la sexualidad.
This project addresses the situation of the gay population living with HIV/SIDA in Costa Rica from a sexual health perspective and the role of obstetric nursing. Social stigma, along with disinformation and fear of judgment, has limited this population's access to sexual and reproductive health services. This situation is exacerbated by risky sexual practices, partly influenced by drug and alcohol use, and by the lack of effective sexual education strategies. The work highlights the importance of obstetric nursing professionals as key agents in promoting self-care, self-esteem, and comprehensive sexual health. Emphasis is placed on the need to provide care that is free of prejudice, culturally consistent, and centered on a biopsychosocial perspective of sexuality. Our purpose is to analyze the available scientific evidence on sexual health practices in men with HIV-SIDA who identify as gay. Methodology: An integrative review was conducted through four databases: Scielo, Dialnet, LILACS, ScienceDirect. The selected studies were critically evaluated and synthesized using the constant comparative method: data reduction, data visualization, data comparison, drawing conclusions. Of these, 10 publications are included, which correspond to cross-sectional studies, systematic reviews, cohort studies, and ethnographic and experimental studies. These publications were categorized as follows: population, risky sexual practices, and health care. In the conclusions are the urgent need for appropriate educational programs, the use of condoms as a prevention tool beyond contraception, and the need to humanize health care, recognizing the social and emotional realities of gay people affected by HIV.
This project addresses the situation of the gay population living with HIV/SIDA in Costa Rica from a sexual health perspective and the role of obstetric nursing. Social stigma, along with disinformation and fear of judgment, has limited this population's access to sexual and reproductive health services. This situation is exacerbated by risky sexual practices, partly influenced by drug and alcohol use, and by the lack of effective sexual education strategies. The work highlights the importance of obstetric nursing professionals as key agents in promoting self-care, self-esteem, and comprehensive sexual health. Emphasis is placed on the need to provide care that is free of prejudice, culturally consistent, and centered on a biopsychosocial perspective of sexuality. Our purpose is to analyze the available scientific evidence on sexual health practices in men with HIV-SIDA who identify as gay. Methodology: An integrative review was conducted through four databases: Scielo, Dialnet, LILACS, ScienceDirect. The selected studies were critically evaluated and synthesized using the constant comparative method: data reduction, data visualization, data comparison, drawing conclusions. Of these, 10 publications are included, which correspond to cross-sectional studies, systematic reviews, cohort studies, and ethnographic and experimental studies. These publications were categorized as follows: population, risky sexual practices, and health care. In the conclusions are the urgent need for appropriate educational programs, the use of condoms as a prevention tool beyond contraception, and the need to humanize health care, recognizing the social and emotional realities of gay people affected by HIV.
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Keywords
salud sexual, población gay, HIV-SIDA, VIH, SIDA, prácticas sexuales de riesgo, sexual health, gay population, risky sexual practices