Prevalencia de ingesta inadecuada de micronutrientes en la población urbana de Costa Rica
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Authors
Gómez Salas, Georgina
Ramírez Sanabria, Andrea
Sheik Oreamuno, Amed
Chinnock Mc'Neil, Anne Eliza
Previdelli, Ágatha Nogueira
Hermes Sales, Cristiane
Quesada Quesada, Dayana
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Abstract
La inadecuación de micronutrientes es frecuente en los
países en vías de desarrollo. En Costa Rica existe poca
información acerca de la ingesta de micronutrientes y del
impacto de los programas de fortificación obligatoria de
alimentos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la ingesta
de vitaminas y minerales y el aporte de la fortificación de
alimentos a la ingesta total de micronutrientes en la población
urbana costarricense. Se analizó el consumo de alimentos
en una muestra de la población urbana costarricense,
participantes del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y
Salud (ELANS). El riesgo de ingesta inadecuada se estimó
según sexo y grupo de edad, utilizando el método de punto
de corte del Requerimiento Medio Estimado (EAR). Para el
hierro, se utilizó el método de aproximación probabilística.
Más del 85% de la muestra presentó riesgo de ingesta
inadecuada para vitamina E, calcio y vitamina D. Una
menor prevalencia de riesgo de ingesta inadecuada se
presentó para la niacina, tiamina, folatos, hierro y selenio.
La fortificación de alimentos tiene un efecto notorio en
la ingesta de micronutrientes, especialmente de hierro,
niacina, tiamina y folatos. La ingesta de calcio, vitamina
D y vitamina E es preocupantemente inadecuada, siendo
las mujeres y las personas mayores de 50 años los grupos
más afectados. Resulta fundamental el establecimiento
de programas y políticas públicas para asegurar el
cumplimiento del requerimiento establecido para los
diferentes micronutrientes.
Micronutrient deficiencies are still very common in developing countries. In Costa Rica there is little information on micronutrients intake and the impact of food fortification.This study aimed to determine the contribution of food fortification to the total intake, and to estimate the risk of inadequate intake of vitamins and minerals in an urban Costa Rican population. As a part of the Latin American Nutrition and Health Study, we analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of 798 urban residents from Costa Rica (15-65 years old) whom provided two 24-h dietary recalls. The prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake was estimated according to the EAR cut-point method. Iron was analyze using the probability approach. We observed a 100% of the sample are at risk of inadequate intake of vitamin D, and similar percentages were obtained for calcium and vitamin E, ranging from 92.9 to 100% and 85.5 to 99.2% respectively. A lower risk of inadequate intake was observed for niacin, thiamin, folate, iron and selenium. Food fortificationmakes an important contribution to folate, thiamin, iron and niacin intake. Despite the efforts that have been made to ensure adequate micronutrient intake in Costa Rica, the intake of calcium, vitamin D and vitamin E is still very low, especially among women and people over 50 are the most affected. Based on the above, it is recommended to promote a healthy diet through nutritional education as part of public health policies, in order to facilitates compliance to nutritional requirement
Micronutrient deficiencies are still very common in developing countries. In Costa Rica there is little information on micronutrients intake and the impact of food fortification.This study aimed to determine the contribution of food fortification to the total intake, and to estimate the risk of inadequate intake of vitamins and minerals in an urban Costa Rican population. As a part of the Latin American Nutrition and Health Study, we analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of 798 urban residents from Costa Rica (15-65 years old) whom provided two 24-h dietary recalls. The prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake was estimated according to the EAR cut-point method. Iron was analyze using the probability approach. We observed a 100% of the sample are at risk of inadequate intake of vitamin D, and similar percentages were obtained for calcium and vitamin E, ranging from 92.9 to 100% and 85.5 to 99.2% respectively. A lower risk of inadequate intake was observed for niacin, thiamin, folate, iron and selenium. Food fortificationmakes an important contribution to folate, thiamin, iron and niacin intake. Despite the efforts that have been made to ensure adequate micronutrient intake in Costa Rica, the intake of calcium, vitamin D and vitamin E is still very low, especially among women and people over 50 are the most affected. Based on the above, it is recommended to promote a healthy diet through nutritional education as part of public health policies, in order to facilitates compliance to nutritional requirement
Description
Keywords
VITAMINA, Minerales, Encuesta de Salud, Evaluación dietética, Fortificación de alimentos