Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial en el trabajo: mujeres en las cooperativas de Occidente, Costa Rica
Fecha
2023
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Alpízar Rojas, Harlen
Araya Carvajal, María Andrea
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Resumen
Este artículo sintetiza los resultados de investigación de un proyecto inscrito en la Sede de Occidente de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en torno al análisis de los Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial (FRT) que afectan a las mujeres que trabajan en organizaciones bajo la modalidad de cooperativas en la Región Occidental del país. La metodología se llevó a cabo con un abordaje cuantitativo mediante el uso de la versión media del método PSQ CAT21 COPSOQ (Cuestionario psicosocial de Copenhague), y el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Riesgo Psicosocial del INSHT. Participaron 191 mujeres que laboran en 32 cooperativas. Se realizó un análisis estadístico, mediante el uso del programa SPSS, en torno a
dos dimensiones específicas: la doble presencia y las compensaciones. La primera refiere a la necesidad de responder a las demandas del trabajo, las tareas hogareñas y la familia simultáneamente y, la segunda, a la percepción de reconocimiento, respeto y estabilidad en el lugar de trabajo. Entre los resultados más relevantes se encontró que las mujeres son las principales responsables de las labores domésticas y familiares. La dimensión doble presencia resultó ser un factor de riesgo para el 77% de las participantes. En cuanto a las compensaciones, se puede señalar como un riesgo psicosocial las preocupaciones en torno a la estabilidad laboral de ellas y de las cooperativas en que laboran.
Por otro lado, las mujeres perciben, en la mayoría de las ocasiones, apoyo y un trato justo dentro de las cooperativas, lo cual podría considerarse un factor protector dentro de su trabajo.
This article synthesizes the research results of a project registered at the Sede de Occidente of the University of Costa Rica, on the analysis of the Psychosocial Risk Factors affecting women who work in an organization under the modality of Cooperative in the Western Region of the country. The methodology was carried out with a quantitative approach using the medium version of the PSQ CAT21 COPSOQ method (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire), and the INSHT Psychosocial Risk Assessment Questionnaire. A total of 191 women working in 32 cooperatives participated. A statistical analysis was carried out, using SPSS software, on two specific dimensions: dual presence and compensations. The first refers to the need to respond to the demands of work, household chores and family simultaneously, and the second to the perception of recognition, respect and stability in the workplace. Among the most relevant results, it was found that women are mainly responsible for domestic and family tasks. The double presence dimension was found to be a risk factor for 77% of the participants. In terms of compensation, concerns about their job stability and that of the cooperatives in which they work can be pointed out as a psychosocial risk. On the other hand, women perceive, in most cases, support and fair treatment within the cooperatives, which could be considered a protective factor in their work.
This article synthesizes the research results of a project registered at the Sede de Occidente of the University of Costa Rica, on the analysis of the Psychosocial Risk Factors affecting women who work in an organization under the modality of Cooperative in the Western Region of the country. The methodology was carried out with a quantitative approach using the medium version of the PSQ CAT21 COPSOQ method (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire), and the INSHT Psychosocial Risk Assessment Questionnaire. A total of 191 women working in 32 cooperatives participated. A statistical analysis was carried out, using SPSS software, on two specific dimensions: dual presence and compensations. The first refers to the need to respond to the demands of work, household chores and family simultaneously, and the second to the perception of recognition, respect and stability in the workplace. Among the most relevant results, it was found that women are mainly responsible for domestic and family tasks. The double presence dimension was found to be a risk factor for 77% of the participants. In terms of compensation, concerns about their job stability and that of the cooperatives in which they work can be pointed out as a psychosocial risk. On the other hand, women perceive, in most cases, support and fair treatment within the cooperatives, which could be considered a protective factor in their work.
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Palabras clave
MUJER, COOPERATIVA, TRABAJO, EFECTOS PSICOLÓGICOS, PSICOLOGÍA SOCIAL