Inclusividad y derechos humanos: el acceso real a la educación para la población con discapacidad cognitiva
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Abstract
A través de este artículo, se pretende un acercamiento al concepto de educación inclusiva y discapacidad cognitiva, en búsqueda del fortalecimiento del aprendizaje en el contexto áulico para personas con y sin discapacidad. La investigación se realiza desde el enfoque cualitativo en el marco de la investigación-acción a partir de la experiencia educativa en el Programa Institucional de Inclusión de Personas con Discapacidad Cognitiva (PROIN). La información es recolectada mediante grupos focales y, sobre todo, la realización de observación participante a partir de la información recabada en guías de observación. La sistematización de los datos se realiza mediante una codificación de la información en conjunto con las matrices de análisis. Se concluye que la mediación docente y la diversificación de materiales didácticos que se presenten en el aula benefician en el proceso educativo de las personas con discapacidad cognitiva en cuanto se realicen las transformaciones pertinentes en el currículum educativo y el sistema de evaluación. El espacio áulico y el rol de la persona docente, así como la socialización, son cruciales para el desarrollo de la autonomía. La discusión alrededor del fortalecimiento de la autonomía en personas con discapacidad es uno de los principales aportes de esta investigación.
This article aims to approach the concept of inclusive education and cognitive disability to encourage learning strategies in classroom contexts with and without disabilities. The investigation is done from a qualitative focus within the investigation action principle in the context of the education experience in the Institutional Inclusion for Cognitive Disability Program (PROIN, for its acronym in Spanish). The information is collected through focus groups and a participative observation sheet. The data is systematized through coding of the information and analysis matrix. It is concluded that teacher mediation and the diversification of didactic materials present in the classroom have a positive influence on the educational process of individuals with cognitive disabilities, as long as the relevant transformations are made in the educational curriculum and the evaluation system. The classroom environment and the interaction with the teacher figure and classmates are crucial for the development of students’ autonomy. The discussion of the development of autonomy in people with cognitive disabilities is one of the main contributions of this paper.
This article aims to approach the concept of inclusive education and cognitive disability to encourage learning strategies in classroom contexts with and without disabilities. The investigation is done from a qualitative focus within the investigation action principle in the context of the education experience in the Institutional Inclusion for Cognitive Disability Program (PROIN, for its acronym in Spanish). The information is collected through focus groups and a participative observation sheet. The data is systematized through coding of the information and analysis matrix. It is concluded that teacher mediation and the diversification of didactic materials present in the classroom have a positive influence on the educational process of individuals with cognitive disabilities, as long as the relevant transformations are made in the educational curriculum and the evaluation system. The classroom environment and the interaction with the teacher figure and classmates are crucial for the development of students’ autonomy. The discussion of the development of autonomy in people with cognitive disabilities is one of the main contributions of this paper.
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Keywords
discapacidad cognitiva, inclusión educativa, derecho humano, autonomía, mediación pedagógica, cognitive disability, inclusive education, human rights, autonomy, pedagogical mediation
Citation
https://cidicer.ucr.ac.cr/recursos/publicacion/diversidad-cultural-y-desafios-regionales-analisis-interdisciplinario