Manejo no farmacológico de los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales de las demencias
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Los tratamientos no farmacológicos a nivel general en el sector salud no poseen la misma aceptación que los tratamientos tradicionales basados en métodos y estrategias donde prevalece el uso de fármacos. El área de psiquiatría no es la excepción, por lo que la presente investigación busca documentar alternativas que se han puesto a prueba en diferentes contextos a nivel mundial, específicamente para tratar la enfermedad de la demencia. Primero, se plantean conceptos generales de la demencia, tales como la definición, criterios diagnósticos según el DSM-5, etapas y manifestaciones clínicas, así como datos estadísticos a nivel mundial y regional. Seguidamente, se aborda un planteamiento de los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales de la demencia, esto con el fin de contextualizar la enfermedad como tal y su impacto en la persona enferma y su entorno. Una vez desarrollados estos aspectos vinculados a la demencia, se plantea el desarrollo de los contenidos ligados directamente al objetivo general de esta investigación el cual es examinar las estrategias no farmacológicas disponibles para el manejo de los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales en pacientes con demencia, esto mediante la revisión bibliográfica disponible referente al tema tratado. La investigación ofrece un recurso de valor para las personas que están involucradas en el cuido y trato de las personas con demencia, desde profesionales de salud hasta cuidadores y voluntarios. Particularmente se presenta una discusión que muestra las evidencias y recomendaciones según los principales organismos internacionales, incluyendo una comparación donde se resaltan las terapias con mayores beneficios y evidencias.
Non-pharmacological treatments in the healthcare sector are not as widely accepted as traditional treatments based on methods and strategies where the use of drugs is prevalent. The field of psychiatry is no exception, and this research seeks to document alternatives that have been tested in different contexts worldwide, specifically for the treatment of dementia. First, general concepts of dementia are presented, such as its definition, diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-5, stages and clinical manifestations, as well as global and regional statistical data. The psychological and behavioral symptoms of dementia are then discussed, to contextualize the disease itself and its impact on the patient and their environment. Once these aspects related to dementia have been developed, the content directly linked to the overall objective of this research is discussed. This is to examine non-pharmacological strategies available for managing psychological and behavioral symptoms in patients with dementia, based on a review of the available literature on the topic. This research offers a valuable resource for those involved in the care and treatment of people with dementia, from healthcare professionals to caregivers and volunteers. A discussion is presented showing the evidence and recommendations from leading international organizations, including a comparison highlighting the therapies with the greatest benefits and evidence.
Non-pharmacological treatments in the healthcare sector are not as widely accepted as traditional treatments based on methods and strategies where the use of drugs is prevalent. The field of psychiatry is no exception, and this research seeks to document alternatives that have been tested in different contexts worldwide, specifically for the treatment of dementia. First, general concepts of dementia are presented, such as its definition, diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-5, stages and clinical manifestations, as well as global and regional statistical data. The psychological and behavioral symptoms of dementia are then discussed, to contextualize the disease itself and its impact on the patient and their environment. Once these aspects related to dementia have been developed, the content directly linked to the overall objective of this research is discussed. This is to examine non-pharmacological strategies available for managing psychological and behavioral symptoms in patients with dementia, based on a review of the available literature on the topic. This research offers a valuable resource for those involved in the care and treatment of people with dementia, from healthcare professionals to caregivers and volunteers. A discussion is presented showing the evidence and recommendations from leading international organizations, including a comparison highlighting the therapies with the greatest benefits and evidence.
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demencia, tratamientos no farmacológicos, dementia, non-pharmacological treatments
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