Obesidad y sobrepeso en la población estudiantil costarricense entre los 8 y 17 años
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La obesidad durante la niñez y la adolescencia está aumentando en todo el mundo. Esta condición está asociada con diversos factores de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en esta población ha sido difícil de cuantificar debido a que existe una gran variedad de definiciones. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de sobre peso y obesidad de la población estudiantil costarricense entre los 8 y 17 años. Se seleccionó en forma aleatoria una muestra representativa de 9 900 estudiantes de escuelas y colegios costarricenses. Para definir sobrepeso y obesidad se utilizaron los puntos de corte del índice de masa corporal (IMC) recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la "International Obesity Task Force". También se utilizó el pliegue del tríceps como criterio para estimar la adiposidad. Se encontró que las mujeres presentaron mayor IMC y adiposidad que los hombres en todas las edades analizadas. Estos aumentaron con la edad, especialmente en las mujeres a partir de los 12 años. La prevalencia total para hombres y mujeres en los diferentes grupos de edad fueron: 14,9 a 23,3% (Sobrepeso 8 -11 años), 4,8 a 9,9%. (Obesidad 8 -11 años), 14,9 a 21,6% (Sobrepeso 12-17 años) y 2,2 a 9,8% (Obesidad 12-17 años). Estos porcentajes fueron mayores en las mujeres que en los hombres al calcularlos con base en los criterios internacionales. La prevalencia de obesidad fue más elevada cuando se utilizó el pliegue del tríceps para estimarla. En conclusión, la prevalencia de sobrepeso de estudiantes costarricenses oscila de un 15 a un 23% y de obesidad de un 2,2 a un 9,8%. Esta varía dependiendo de la edad, el sexo y del criterio utilizado para definirla.
Child and adolescent obesity is increasing worldwide. It has been shown that this condition is closely related to several risk factors for chronic diseases. However, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in these populations has been difficult to quantify due to the wide variety of definitions used. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Costa Rican students aged 8-17 years. A national-representativesample of 9990 subjects was randomly selected from Costa Rican elementary and highschool institutions. In order to define overweight and obesity, the sex-and agespecific body mass index (BMI) cutoffs recommended by the World Heath Organization (WHO) and by the International Obesity TaskForce (IOTF) were selected. The triceps skinfold thickness was also used as a criteria for adiposity. Females had higher IMC and adiposity than boys at all ages, and both parameters increased with age, especially in female students starting at 12 years of age. The global prevalence rates for males and females in the different age groups were 14.9 to 23.3% (overweight 8 -11 yrs.), 4.8 to 9.9%. (Obese 8-11 yrs.), 14.9 to 21.6% (Overweight 12-17 yrs.), 2.2 to 9.8% (Obese 12-17 yrs.). These rates tended to be higher in girls than in boys and also were higher when the IOTF cutoffs were used in comparison with the WHO criteria. The highest prevalence rate for obesity in this Costa Rican sample was achieved when the 90th percentile of the triceps skinfold thickness was used as the criteria. In summary, the prevalence of overweight in Costa Rican students was between 15 to 23% and the prevalence of obesity between 2.2 to 9.8%. These rates change according to age, sex, and when different criteria to define overweight and obesity are used.
Child and adolescent obesity is increasing worldwide. It has been shown that this condition is closely related to several risk factors for chronic diseases. However, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in these populations has been difficult to quantify due to the wide variety of definitions used. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Costa Rican students aged 8-17 years. A national-representativesample of 9990 subjects was randomly selected from Costa Rican elementary and highschool institutions. In order to define overweight and obesity, the sex-and agespecific body mass index (BMI) cutoffs recommended by the World Heath Organization (WHO) and by the International Obesity TaskForce (IOTF) were selected. The triceps skinfold thickness was also used as a criteria for adiposity. Females had higher IMC and adiposity than boys at all ages, and both parameters increased with age, especially in female students starting at 12 years of age. The global prevalence rates for males and females in the different age groups were 14.9 to 23.3% (overweight 8 -11 yrs.), 4.8 to 9.9%. (Obese 8-11 yrs.), 14.9 to 21.6% (Overweight 12-17 yrs.), 2.2 to 9.8% (Obese 12-17 yrs.). These rates tended to be higher in girls than in boys and also were higher when the IOTF cutoffs were used in comparison with the WHO criteria. The highest prevalence rate for obesity in this Costa Rican sample was achieved when the 90th percentile of the triceps skinfold thickness was used as the criteria. In summary, the prevalence of overweight in Costa Rican students was between 15 to 23% and the prevalence of obesity between 2.2 to 9.8%. These rates change according to age, sex, and when different criteria to define overweight and obesity are used.
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Keywords
sobrepeso, obesidad, prevalencia, niños, adolescentes, overweight, obesity, prevalence, children, adolescents