Uso de modelos para la comprensión del testimonio médico pericial en la sala de juicios
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Flores Sandí, Grettchen
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Abstract
En la actualidad en juicios orales que requieran de la participación de un médico perito, se aceptan ayudas visuales a discreción de la autoridad judicial, para la comprensión de su testimonio, siendo los modelos anatómicos tridimensionales útiles para ilustrar patrones de lesiones complejos. El objetivo de esta reflexión es plantear la utilidad de los modelos tipo maniquíes como ayuda visual para la comprensión del testimonio médico pericial en la sala de juicios. Su uso en juicio oral puede resultar relevante para explicar conceptos fundamentales de mecanismos de trauma, que ocurren con mayor frecuencia debido a la transferencia de energía cinética, cuya comprensión puede resultar compleja si se basa solamente en una exposición teórica por parte del perito. Es imprescindible que el perito considere para su admisión en juicio, la discrecionalidad judicial, el valor probatorio superior al riesgo de sesgo y que el modelo a utilizar represente fielmente lo que se pretende ilustrar. Se concluye que el uso de maniquíes por parte del perito médico facilita la comprensión de su exposición, ilustra mecanismos de trauma y además refuerza el testimonio transformando conceptos abstractos en representaciones tangibles
Currently, in oral trials requiring the participation of a medical expert, visual aids are accepted at the discretion of the judicial authority to aid in understanding the testimony. Three-dimensional anatomical models are useful for illustrating complex injury patterns. The objective of this reflection is to raise the usefulness of manikin-type models as visual aids for understanding expert medical testimony in the courtroom. Their use in oral trials can be relevant to explain fundamental concepts of trauma mechanisms, which occur most frequently due to the transfer of kinetic energy. Understanding these concepts can be complex if based solely on a theoretical exposition by the expert. When admitting these models to trial, it is essential that the expert consider judicial discretion, the probative value outweighs the risk of bias, and that the model used faithfully represents what is intended to be illustrated. It is concluded that the use of manikins by medical experts facilitates understanding of their presentation, illustrates trauma mechanisms, and also reinforces testimony by transforming abstract concepts into tangible representations.
Currently, in oral trials requiring the participation of a medical expert, visual aids are accepted at the discretion of the judicial authority to aid in understanding the testimony. Three-dimensional anatomical models are useful for illustrating complex injury patterns. The objective of this reflection is to raise the usefulness of manikin-type models as visual aids for understanding expert medical testimony in the courtroom. Their use in oral trials can be relevant to explain fundamental concepts of trauma mechanisms, which occur most frequently due to the transfer of kinetic energy. Understanding these concepts can be complex if based solely on a theoretical exposition by the expert. When admitting these models to trial, it is essential that the expert consider judicial discretion, the probative value outweighs the risk of bias, and that the model used faithfully represents what is intended to be illustrated. It is concluded that the use of manikins by medical experts facilitates understanding of their presentation, illustrates trauma mechanisms, and also reinforces testimony by transforming abstract concepts into tangible representations.
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Keywords
Testimonio de Experto, Juicio, Recursos Audiovisuales, Modelos Anatómicos, Maniquíes, Fenómenos Biomecánicos