Combate de malezas con herbicidas preemergentes en maní en Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Archivos
Fecha
1992
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Vargas, Marlen
Gamboa, Claudio J.
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Costa Rica
Resumen
El estudio se efectuó del 18 de setiembre de 1981 a enero de 1982, en Liberia, Guanacaste, en un suelo de textura franco arenoso. El cultivar de maní que se usó fue ‘Florunner’ de crecimiento rastrero y de ciclo de 110-120 días. Los tratamientos químicos que se usaron fueron alaclor, metolaclor, pendimetalina y clorobromurón. Se hicieron dos experimentos: en el primero se probaron los herbicidas en dos dosis; en el segundo se probó clorobromurón, que combate malezas de hoja ancha en mezcla con los que combate gramíneas: metolaclor, alaclor y pendimetalina. En ambos ensayos se incluyeron testigos con deshierba manual y libre competencia. En el primer experimento se observó que los tratamientos químicos y la deshierba manual superaron a la libre competencia en un 50% y 70% en el número y peso de cápsulas. Los mejores tratamientos químicos para el combate de gramíneas fueron la pendi-metalina, el metolaclor y el alaclor en las mayores dosis que se probaron. El que mejor combatió las malezas de hoja ancha fue el clorobromurón a 2 kg/ha. En el segundo experimento, la mezcla de clorobromurón a 1,5 kg/ha con alaclor a 1 kg/ha superó el rendimiento en un 71% respecto a la libre competencia. En ambos experimentos ninguno de los tratamientos químicos controló Cyperus rotundus; además no se presentó fitotoxicidad por parte de los herbicidas Probados. Las malezas de hoja ancha y gramíneas redujeron el rendimiento del maní al disminuir el número de cápsulas y el peso de los granos.
The assay was conducted from september 18th, 1981 to January 1982, in Liberia - Guanacaste, Costa Rica, on a sandy loam soil. The peanut cultivar used was ‘Florunner’, which has a runner growth habit and 110-120 day cycle. The chemical treatments applied were: alachlor, metolachlor, pendimethalin and chlorbromuron. Two trials were conducted: two herbicide doses were applied in the first test and in the second one, chlorbromuron, which controls broad-leaf weeds, was mixed with metolachlor, alachlor and pendimethalin. In both tests, a hand weeded and an unweeded controls were included. It was observed, in the first test, that the chemical treatments and hand weeding outyielded the unweeded control by 50% and 70%, in the number and weight of pods. The best chemical treatments for controlling gramineous weeds were pendimethalin, metolachlor and alachlor at the highest dosage. The best broad-leaf weed control was obtained with chlorbromuron at 2 kg/ha. In the second assay, the mixture of chlorbromuron + alachlor (1.5 +1.0 kg/ha) outyielded the unweeded control by 71%. None of the chemical treatments controlled Cyperus rotundus, neither caused phytotoxicity in either trials. Both weeds, broad-leaf and gramineous, reduced the peanut yield by decreasing the number of pods and weight of the grains.
The assay was conducted from september 18th, 1981 to January 1982, in Liberia - Guanacaste, Costa Rica, on a sandy loam soil. The peanut cultivar used was ‘Florunner’, which has a runner growth habit and 110-120 day cycle. The chemical treatments applied were: alachlor, metolachlor, pendimethalin and chlorbromuron. Two trials were conducted: two herbicide doses were applied in the first test and in the second one, chlorbromuron, which controls broad-leaf weeds, was mixed with metolachlor, alachlor and pendimethalin. In both tests, a hand weeded and an unweeded controls were included. It was observed, in the first test, that the chemical treatments and hand weeding outyielded the unweeded control by 50% and 70%, in the number and weight of pods. The best chemical treatments for controlling gramineous weeds were pendimethalin, metolachlor and alachlor at the highest dosage. The best broad-leaf weed control was obtained with chlorbromuron at 2 kg/ha. In the second assay, the mixture of chlorbromuron + alachlor (1.5 +1.0 kg/ha) outyielded the unweeded control by 71%. None of the chemical treatments controlled Cyperus rotundus, neither caused phytotoxicity in either trials. Both weeds, broad-leaf and gramineous, reduced the peanut yield by decreasing the number of pods and weight of the grains.