Revisión sistemática de la valoración infectológica de los donantes y receptores para trasplante de órgano sólido
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Jiménez Solera, María Paz
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Abstract
El trasplante de órgano sólido es una opción de tratamiento para la enfermedad en etapa terminal del corazón, los riñones, el hígado, los pulmones y el páncreas. Las complicaciones infecciosas podrían tener consecuencias deletéreas para el injerto y para los pacientes trasplantados. Por lo tanto, el presente trabajo tiene como finalidad realizar una revisión sistemática sobre la valoración infectológica a la cual se deben someter los donantes y receptores de órganos para el trasplante de órgano sólido con el fin de minimizar el riesgo de infecciones relacionadas a donantes o reactivación de infecciones latentes, detallar cuales son las principales infecciones transmitidas o reactivadas en el periodo posterior al trasplante, los estudios de cribado que se deben solicitar tanto de manera rutinaria como guiados por el contexto epidemiológico, así como las medidas preventivas instauradas con el fin de minimizar riesgos de infección. Como metodología se realizo una revisión sistemática mediante el vocabulario MeSH basada de la literatura disponible en bases de datos en español e inglés en temas de donación, donantes, receptores, selección de órganos e infecciones, la búsqueda se realizo en la base de datos de PubMed y posteriormente se agregaron algunos otros artículos de relevancia para la revisión. Se concluye que una mejoría en las técnicas diagnósticas, así como en las inmunizaciones y el tratamiento supresor o curativo de ciertas enfermedades ha permitido aumentar la oferta de donantes manteniendo la seguridad del trasplante para el receptor, ciertas infecciones como el COVID-19, debido a su reciente aparición requieren estudios de los desenlaces a largo plazo que permitan brindar recomendaciones más acertadas.
Solid organ transplant is a treatment option for end-stage disease of the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, and pancreas. Infectious complications could have deleterious consequences for the graft and for transplant recipients. This paper aims to conduct a systematic review on the infectious assessment that both organ donors and recipients must undergo to minimize the risk of donor-related infections or reactivation of latent infections. It will detail the main infections transmitted or reactivated in the post-transplant period, the screening studies that should be requested both routinely and guided by the epidemiological context, as well as the preventive measures that can be implemented to minimize infection risks. The methodology involved a systematic review using MeSH vocabulary based on available literature in spanish and english databases on topics such as donation, donors, recipients, organ selection, and infections. The search was conducted in the PubMed database, and subsequently, some other relevant articles were added to the review. It is concluded that improvements in diagnostic techniques, as well as vaccinations and suppressive or curative treatment for certain diseases, have allowed for an increased supply of donors while maintaining the safety of transplants for recipients. Certain infections, such as COVID-19, due to their recent emergence, require studies on long-term outcomes to provide more accurate recommendations.
Solid organ transplant is a treatment option for end-stage disease of the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, and pancreas. Infectious complications could have deleterious consequences for the graft and for transplant recipients. This paper aims to conduct a systematic review on the infectious assessment that both organ donors and recipients must undergo to minimize the risk of donor-related infections or reactivation of latent infections. It will detail the main infections transmitted or reactivated in the post-transplant period, the screening studies that should be requested both routinely and guided by the epidemiological context, as well as the preventive measures that can be implemented to minimize infection risks. The methodology involved a systematic review using MeSH vocabulary based on available literature in spanish and english databases on topics such as donation, donors, recipients, organ selection, and infections. The search was conducted in the PubMed database, and subsequently, some other relevant articles were added to the review. It is concluded that improvements in diagnostic techniques, as well as vaccinations and suppressive or curative treatment for certain diseases, have allowed for an increased supply of donors while maintaining the safety of transplants for recipients. Certain infections, such as COVID-19, due to their recent emergence, require studies on long-term outcomes to provide more accurate recommendations.
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Keywords
trasplante, órganos, donante, donador, receptor, infecciones, profilaxis, tamizaje, transplante de órgano sólido, valoración infectológica