Vivencia de un paciente con eventos tromboembólicos tras la vacuna contra COVID-19: estudio cualitativo exploratorio fenomenológico
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Abstract
Objetivo: El tromboembolismo pulmonar es un efecto adverso raro pero grave asociado a algunas vacunas contra la COVID-19, que puede alterar profundamente la vida de quienes lo padecen. Aunque la mayoría de los estudios se enfocan en datos clínicos y estadísticas, existe un vacío en la comprensión de la experiencia subjetiva de los pacientes afectados, especialmente en contextos locales. El objetivo fue precisar el impacto en la vivencia de un paciente costarricense diagnosticado con eventos tromboembólicos tras la vacunación.
Métodos: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio con enfoque fenomenológico. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a profundidad, cuyos datos se analizaron mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido.
Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron que la calidad de vida del participante se vio afectada por severas limitaciones físicas, como restricciones dietéticas estrictas, la suspensión de actividades deportivas y la necesidad de monitoreo médico constante tras el alta hospitalaria. Estas restricciones generaron un deterioro en su bienestar físico y emocional, acompañado de pérdida de autonomía y control sobre su cuerpo. La vivencia también implicó emociones intensas como ansiedad, angustia y desesperanza, especialmente durante las hospitalizaciones, donde el apoyo familiar resultó crucial. Además, surgió una desconfianza significativa hacia la vacuna y el sistema de salud, alimentada por información ambigua y contradicciones en la comunicación médica.
Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de visibilizar los efectos adversos poco explorados y fortalecer el apoyo emocional y la comunicación clara en la atención médica, con el fin de mejorar la experiencia y confianza de los pacientes.
Objective: Pulmonary thromboembolism is a rare but serious adverse e ect associated with some COVID-19 vaccines, which can profoundly impact the lives of those a ected. While most studies focus on clinical data and statistics, there is a gap in understanding the subjective experience of a ected patients, particularly in local con texts. The objective was to explore the impact on the lived experience of a Costa Rican patient diagnosed with thromboembolic events following vaccination. Methods: Exploratory qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. An in-depth semi-structured inter view was conducted, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The findings revealed that the participant’s quality of life was a ected by severe physical limitations, such as strict dietary restrictions, the suspension of sports activities, and the need for constant medical monito ring after hospital discharge. These restrictions led to a deterioration in both physical and emotional well-being, accompanied by a loss of autonomy and control over his body. The experience also involved intense emotions such as anxiety, distress, and hopelessness, especially during hospitalizations, where family support proved crucial. Furthermore, significant distrust emerged toward the vaccine and the healthcare system, fueled by am biguous information and contradictions in medical communication. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of shedding light on underexplored adverse e ects and strengthening emotional support and clear communication in medical care to improve patient experience and trust
Objective: Pulmonary thromboembolism is a rare but serious adverse e ect associated with some COVID-19 vaccines, which can profoundly impact the lives of those a ected. While most studies focus on clinical data and statistics, there is a gap in understanding the subjective experience of a ected patients, particularly in local con texts. The objective was to explore the impact on the lived experience of a Costa Rican patient diagnosed with thromboembolic events following vaccination. Methods: Exploratory qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. An in-depth semi-structured inter view was conducted, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The findings revealed that the participant’s quality of life was a ected by severe physical limitations, such as strict dietary restrictions, the suspension of sports activities, and the need for constant medical monito ring after hospital discharge. These restrictions led to a deterioration in both physical and emotional well-being, accompanied by a loss of autonomy and control over his body. The experience also involved intense emotions such as anxiety, distress, and hopelessness, especially during hospitalizations, where family support proved crucial. Furthermore, significant distrust emerged toward the vaccine and the healthcare system, fueled by am biguous information and contradictions in medical communication. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of shedding light on underexplored adverse e ects and strengthening emotional support and clear communication in medical care to improve patient experience and trust
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COVID-19 vaccine, thromboembolism, qualitative research., Vacuna COVID-19, tromboembolia, investigación cualitativa
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