Caracterización y perspectivas de la producción de palma aceitera en la Región Central Sur en Costa Rica
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Este estudio analiza las condiciones socioeconómicas y productivas de agricultores de palma aceitera en la Región Central Sur de Costa Rica, así como sus perspectivas sobre el futuro del cultivo. Mediante un muestreo probabilístico estratificado, se recolectaron datos de 33 productores, quienes en su mayoría dependen económicamente del cultivo de palma y presentan poca diversificación de ingresos. Los resultados indican una baja productividad promedio, con rendimientos que oscilan entre 7,32 y 11,87 toneladas por hectárea, y grandes variaciones entre fincas. En cuanto a las expectativas, 15 de los consultados cree que su producción se mantendrá estable, mientras que alrededor de 12 anticipa una disminución debido al cambio climático, el aumento en el costo de los insumos y problemas de gestión. Solo seis esperan un crecimiento en su cosecha. La adopción de prácticas sostenibles es escasa, y los desafíos ambientales, como el control del picudo y la pudrición del cogollo, continúan afectando negativamente a las fincas. Estos hallazgos sugieren la urgencia de políticas que fomenten la diversificación, el relevo generacional y el apoyo institucional para fortalecer la resiliencia y competitividad del sector.
This study analyzes the socioeconomic and productive conditions of oil palm farmers in the South Central Region of Costa Rica, as well as their perspectives on the future of the the crop. Using stratified probabilistic sam-pling, data were collected from 33 farmers, most of whom are economically dependent on oil palm cultivation and exhibit little in-come diversification. The results indicate low average productivity, with yields ranging from 7.32 to 11.87 tons per hectare, and sig-nificant variations between farms. In terms of expectations, 15 of the consulted farmers believe their production will remain stable, while around 12 anticipate a decline due to climate change, rising input costs, and man-agement problems. Only six expect growth in their crop. The adoption of sustainable practices is limited, and environmental chal-lenges, such as controlling the weevil and bud rot disease, continue to negatively affect the farms. These findings suggest the urgen-cy of policies that promote diversification, generational replacement, and institutional support to strengthen the sector’s resilience and competitiveness.
This study analyzes the socioeconomic and productive conditions of oil palm farmers in the South Central Region of Costa Rica, as well as their perspectives on the future of the the crop. Using stratified probabilistic sam-pling, data were collected from 33 farmers, most of whom are economically dependent on oil palm cultivation and exhibit little in-come diversification. The results indicate low average productivity, with yields ranging from 7.32 to 11.87 tons per hectare, and sig-nificant variations between farms. In terms of expectations, 15 of the consulted farmers believe their production will remain stable, while around 12 anticipate a decline due to climate change, rising input costs, and man-agement problems. Only six expect growth in their crop. The adoption of sustainable practices is limited, and environmental chal-lenges, such as controlling the weevil and bud rot disease, continue to negatively affect the farms. These findings suggest the urgen-cy of policies that promote diversification, generational replacement, and institutional support to strengthen the sector’s resilience and competitiveness.
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desarrollo rural, cambio climático, competitividad, productividad
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