Características clínicas y tratamiento en las personas adultas con sangrado digestivo alto en el servicio de emergencias del Hospital San Francisco de Asís Grecia, durante el año 2021
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Zamora Arce, Jairo
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Abstract
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivos. El SDA presenta una alta incidencia de pacientes que consultan al servicio de emergencias, generando una gran utilización del recurso humano del personal de salud del servicio de emergencias y afines. No existen datos de mortalidad previa en el centro de estudio, por lo que se realizó un estudio administrativo en el servicio de emergencias del Hospital San Francisco de Asís (HSFA), Grecia, para determinar la mortalidad en las primeras 48 horas.
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó el estudio en el SEM del HSFA, hospital regional del segundo nivel de atención de la CCSS. El estudio fue observacional, transversal, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Los datos se obtuvieron de las bases de datos locales donde se revisó los pacientes con el diagnostico de egreso de sangrado digestivo alto que consultaron al SEM durante el periodo entre el 01 de enero al 31 de diciembre del año 2021. Se incluyeron los pacientes mayores de 18 años con el diagnostico de egreso de SDA. El objetivo general fue determinar la mortalidad dentro de las primeras 48 horas del ingreso al SEM. Se describieron características importantes que influyen en la mortalidad de estos pacientes. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva, aplicando medidas de tendencia central para las variables cuantitativas, y distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y relativas para las variables cualitativas.Resultados. Se identificaron 208 consultas por SDA, después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se incluyeron 120 pacientes en el estudio. Se encontró una mortalidad dentro de las primeras 48 horas de 4,2% representando el 50% de la mortalidad total durante toda la hospitalización. Los pacientes que presentaron mortalidad temprana todos tenían puntajes de Blatchford de alto riego (7 puntos o más). De los 120 pacientes, 84 eran masculinos y 35 femeninos. La edad promedio de los pacientes que consultaron por SDA fue de 61 ± 18.5 años. El tipo de sangrado no variceal fue el más frecuente con 70 pacientes, y 18 personas presentaron sangrados de origen variceal. Se realizó endoscopia digestiva alta dentro de las primeras 24 horas en el 62,5% de la totalidad de pacientes incluidos en el estudio. De estos que se les realizó EDA, solo el 44% requirió tratamiento endoscópico.
Conclusión. La mortalidad temprana dentro de las primeras 48 horas de los pacientes con SDA es de 4,2%, representando la mitad de la mortalidad que presentan estos pacientes durante la hospitalización.
Background and objectives. The SDA presents a high incidence of patients who consult the emergency service, generating a great use of the human resources of the health personnel of the emergency service and related. There are no previous mortality data in the study center, so an administrative study was carried out in the emergency service of the San Francisco de Asís Hospital (HSFA), Grecia, to determine mortality in the first 48 hours. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out in the SEM of the HSFA, a regional hospital of the second level of care of the CCSS. The study was observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective. The data was obtained from the local databases where the patients with the discharge diagnosis of upper digestive bleeding who consulted the SEM during the period between January 1 and December 31, 2021, were reviewed. Patients older than 18 years with the discharge diagnosis of SDA were included. The general objective was to determine mortality within the first 48 hours of admission to the EMS. Important characteristics influencing mortality in these patients were described. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used, applying measures of central tendency for the quantitative variables, and absolute and relative frequency distributions for the qualitative variables. Results. 208 consultations for SDA were identified, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 120 patients were included in the study. A 4.2% mortality within the first 48 hours was found, representing 50% of the total mortality during the entire hospitalization. The patients who experienced early mortality all had high-risk Blatchford scores (7 points or more). Of the 120 patients, 84 were male and 35 females. The average age of the patients who consulted for SDA was 61 ± 18.5 years. Upper digestive endoscopy was performed within the first 24 hours in 62.5% of all patients included in the study. Of those who underwent EDA, only 44% required endoscopic treatment. Conclusion. Early mortality within the first 48 hours of patients with ADS is 4.2%, representing half of the mortality that these patients present during hospitalization.
Background and objectives. The SDA presents a high incidence of patients who consult the emergency service, generating a great use of the human resources of the health personnel of the emergency service and related. There are no previous mortality data in the study center, so an administrative study was carried out in the emergency service of the San Francisco de Asís Hospital (HSFA), Grecia, to determine mortality in the first 48 hours. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out in the SEM of the HSFA, a regional hospital of the second level of care of the CCSS. The study was observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective. The data was obtained from the local databases where the patients with the discharge diagnosis of upper digestive bleeding who consulted the SEM during the period between January 1 and December 31, 2021, were reviewed. Patients older than 18 years with the discharge diagnosis of SDA were included. The general objective was to determine mortality within the first 48 hours of admission to the EMS. Important characteristics influencing mortality in these patients were described. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used, applying measures of central tendency for the quantitative variables, and absolute and relative frequency distributions for the qualitative variables. Results. 208 consultations for SDA were identified, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 120 patients were included in the study. A 4.2% mortality within the first 48 hours was found, representing 50% of the total mortality during the entire hospitalization. The patients who experienced early mortality all had high-risk Blatchford scores (7 points or more). Of the 120 patients, 84 were male and 35 females. The average age of the patients who consulted for SDA was 61 ± 18.5 years. Upper digestive endoscopy was performed within the first 24 hours in 62.5% of all patients included in the study. Of those who underwent EDA, only 44% required endoscopic treatment. Conclusion. Early mortality within the first 48 hours of patients with ADS is 4.2%, representing half of the mortality that these patients present during hospitalization.
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Keywords
MORTALIDAD, Sangrado digestivo alto, Emergencias