Gestión comunitaria del agua frente al cambio climático: estudio de Hojancha, Costa Rica
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Costa Rica presenta tasas de acceso al agua potable superiores al 92 % de la población, un logro significativo para un país en vías de desarrollo. No obstante, la cobertura aún no es universal y enfrenta mayores desafíos en las zonas rurales, costeras y periurbanas, donde además el cambio climático intensifica los retos operativos y de gestión. En este marco, la presente investigación analiza la gestión comunitaria del agua frente al cambio climático en el cantón de Hojancha, Guanacaste, donde las ASADAS desempeñan un papel central en la administración de los acueductos rurales. El estudio busca comprender cómo estas organizaciones locales enfrentan los efectos del cambio climático y qué prácticas de adaptación implementan para garantizar la sostenibilidad del recurso. A partir de un enfoque cualitativo, se combinan el análisis documental y entrevistas semiestructuradas con actores comunales e institucionales. Los resultados muestran que, pese a las limitaciones administrativas y climáticas, Hojancha ha desarrollado formas colaborativas de gobernanza, apoyadas en redes locales como la Liga Comunal del Agua. Estas experiencias evidencian la capacidad de las comunidades para organizarse, gestionar colectivamente el recurso y generar estrategias de adaptación. Desde una perspectiva de gobernanza multinivel, la investigación examina la interacción entre las instituciones competentes y las ASADAS, identificando dinámicas de cooperación y tensión que influyen en la gestión local del agua. En conjunto, el estudio aporta elementos para comprender el modelo costarricense de gestión hídrica y fortalecer políticas públicas orientadas a la resiliencia climática y la sostenibilidad en los territorios rurales.
Costa Rica has achieved potable water access rates exceeding 92% of its population—an impressive milestone for a developing country. However, coverage is not yet universal and remains more limited in rural, coastal, and peri-urban areas, where climate change further intensifies operational and management challenges. Within this context, this study examines community-based water management in the face of climate change in the canton of Hojancha, Guanacaste, where ASADAS (community-based water management associations) play a key role in operating and administering rural aqueducts. The research seeks to understand how these local organizations respond to the impacts of climate change and what adaptation practices they implement to ensure the sustainability of water resources. Using a qualitative approach, the study combines document analysis with semi structured interviews conducted with both community leaders and institutional representatives. Findings indicate that, despite administrative and climatic constraints, Hojancha has developed collaborative forms of water governance supported by local networks such as the Liga Comunal del Agua (Community Water League). These experiences highlight the ability of communities to self-organize, manage water collectively, and develop adaptation strategies. From a multi-level governance perspective, the research analyzes the interactions between institutional actors and the ASADAS, identifying dynamics of cooperation and tension that shape local water management. Overall, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of Costa Rica’s water governance model and provides insights for strengthening public policies that promote climate resilience and sustainability in rural areas.
Costa Rica has achieved potable water access rates exceeding 92% of its population—an impressive milestone for a developing country. However, coverage is not yet universal and remains more limited in rural, coastal, and peri-urban areas, where climate change further intensifies operational and management challenges. Within this context, this study examines community-based water management in the face of climate change in the canton of Hojancha, Guanacaste, where ASADAS (community-based water management associations) play a key role in operating and administering rural aqueducts. The research seeks to understand how these local organizations respond to the impacts of climate change and what adaptation practices they implement to ensure the sustainability of water resources. Using a qualitative approach, the study combines document analysis with semi structured interviews conducted with both community leaders and institutional representatives. Findings indicate that, despite administrative and climatic constraints, Hojancha has developed collaborative forms of water governance supported by local networks such as the Liga Comunal del Agua (Community Water League). These experiences highlight the ability of communities to self-organize, manage water collectively, and develop adaptation strategies. From a multi-level governance perspective, the research analyzes the interactions between institutional actors and the ASADAS, identifying dynamics of cooperation and tension that shape local water management. Overall, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of Costa Rica’s water governance model and provides insights for strengthening public policies that promote climate resilience and sustainability in rural areas.
Description
Keywords
gobernanza del agua, ASADAS, cambio climático, gestión comunitaria, institucionalidad., water governance, ASADAS, climate change, community-based management, institutionality.