El uso de balón intragástrico como terapia endoscópica bariátrica, en pacientes con enfermedad de hígado graso y/o fibrosis hepática asociada a disfunción metabólica de la Clínica de expertos en salud digestiva Equilibrium entre el período de Agosto y Setiembre del 2023
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Barquero Chaves, Larissa
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Antecedentes y objetivos: La obesidad se asocia a múltiples patologías
gastrointestinales, siendo una de las principales, la esteatosis hepática metabólica, conuna incidencia de aproximadamente 90% de las personas obesas, convirtiéndose, en uno de los principales factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de hepatopatía crónica avanzada por disfunción metabólica (MASLD). Para el manejo de la esteatosis hepática existen opciones de tratamiento no farmacológico y farmacológico limitadas, mientras que alternativas como la cirugía bariátrica son francamente invasivas. El uso de balón intragástrico (BIG) endoscópico bariátrico, es una opción potencialmente más segura y menos invasiva. Por lo tanto, el objetivo y alcances del presente trabajo de investigación, es determinar el uso de dicho dispositivo intragástrico como un tratamiento alternativo para lograr pérdida de peso a corto plazo y reversión de manifestaciones de disfunción metabólica.
Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo y comparativo mediante la revisión de expedientes físicos y digitales de los pacientes sometidos a colocación de balón intragástrico en la Clínica Equilibrium entre el período de Agosto y Septiembre 2023.
Resultados: Se obtuvo consentimiento informado de un total de 9 pacientes para el acceso al expediente digital y físico, de los cuales todos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La mediana de edad fue 41 años. En términos de género, la participación fue mixta con un total de 5 pacientes masculinos y 4 femeninas. El 89% de los pacientes previo a la colocación del balón intragástrico padecían de esteatosis hepática y el 67% de dislipidemia. El 100% de los pacientes tenían un IMC mayor a 30 kg/m2, con porcentajes de grasa corporal que indicaban obesidad. A los 6 meses de colocación del balón intragástrico se documentó un descenso estadísticamente significativo del peso corporal llegando a alcanzar 14.5% del peso corporal total, simultáneamente se documenta un descenso de los valores del CAP y fibrosis hepática, directamente relacionado a normalización del CAP a valores no patológicos en hasta 33% de los pacientes y un descenso de los grados de esteatosis, siendo el que más destaca de un 45% en esteatosis grado 3. En cuanto a la fibrosis, se demuestran
cambios positivos en los grados de fibrosis indicados en Fibroscan, alcanzando hasta un 78% de los pacientes en F0-F1. Los parámetros antropométricos demostraron un descenso significativo tanto de grasa visceral (de 5.9 puntos porcentuales), como de índice de masa corporal (de hasta 14.3%). Los valores bioquímicos, mostraron una reducción de la mayoría de las variables estudiadas, entre las cuales tuvieron reducciones estadísticamente significativas: la enzimas hepáticas (ALT y AST), GGT y triglicéridos. Finalmente, se documentaron cambios en estilos de vida con descensos en consumo de comida rápida y alcohol y ascenso en la actividad física semanal.
Conclusión: El estudio presenta evidencia de un mejoramiento en condiciones nutricionales, hepáticas y bioquímicas en los primeros 6 meses de colocación del balón. La pérdida de peso corporal total alcanzó un 14.5% superando los porcentajes establecidos según la literatura científica para la reversión de la esteatosis y fibrosis hepática.
Background and aims: Obesity is associated with multiple gastrointestinal pathologies, one of the main ones being metabolic hepatic steatosis, with an incidence of approximately 90% of obese people, becoming one of the main risk factors for the development of Advanced chronic liver disease due to metabolic hepatic steatosis (MASLD). For the management of hepatic steatosis, there are limited non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options, while alternatives such as bariatric surgery are frankly invasive. The use of a bariatric endoscopic intragastric balloon (IGB) is a potentially safer and less invasive option. Therefore, the objective and goals of this research is to determine the use of this intragastric device as an alternative treatment to achieve short-term weight loss and reversal of manifestations of metabolic dysfunction. Materials and methods: It is a retrospective, comparative, descriptive observational study by reviewing physical and digital records of patients undergoing intragastric balloon placement at the Equilibrium Clinic between the period of August and September 2023. Results: Informed consent was obtained from a total of 9 patients for access to the digital and physical medical file, of which all met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The median age was 40 years, in terms of gender, participation was mixed with a total of 5 male and 4 female patients. Before the placement of the intragastric balloon, 89% of the patients suffered from hepatic steatosis and 67% from dyslipidemia. 100% of the patients had a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2, with body fat percentages that indicated obesity. After 6 months of placement of the intragastric balloon, a statistically significant decrease in body weight was documented, reaching 14.5% of total body weight. Simultaneously, a decrease in CAP values and liver fibrosis was documented, directly related to normalization of CAP to non-pathological values in up to 33% of patients and a decrease in the degrees of steatosis, with a 45% decrease in grade 3 steatosis. Regarding fibrosis, positive changes are demonstrated in the degrees of fibrosis indicated in Fibroscan, reaching up to 78% of patients in F0-F1. Anthropometric parameters demonstrated a significant decrease in both visceral fat (5.9 percentage points) and body mass index (up to 14.3%). The biochemical values showed a reduction in most of the values studied, among which there were statistically significant reductions of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), GGT and triglycerides. Finally, changes in lifestyles were documented with decreases in fast food and alcohol consumption and increases in weekly physical activity. Conclusion: The study presents evidence of an improvement in nutritional, hepatic and biochemical conditions in the first 6 months of intragastric balloon placement. The total body weight loss reached 14.5%, exceeding the percentages established according to the scientific literature for the reversal of steatosis and liver fibrosis.
Background and aims: Obesity is associated with multiple gastrointestinal pathologies, one of the main ones being metabolic hepatic steatosis, with an incidence of approximately 90% of obese people, becoming one of the main risk factors for the development of Advanced chronic liver disease due to metabolic hepatic steatosis (MASLD). For the management of hepatic steatosis, there are limited non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options, while alternatives such as bariatric surgery are frankly invasive. The use of a bariatric endoscopic intragastric balloon (IGB) is a potentially safer and less invasive option. Therefore, the objective and goals of this research is to determine the use of this intragastric device as an alternative treatment to achieve short-term weight loss and reversal of manifestations of metabolic dysfunction. Materials and methods: It is a retrospective, comparative, descriptive observational study by reviewing physical and digital records of patients undergoing intragastric balloon placement at the Equilibrium Clinic between the period of August and September 2023. Results: Informed consent was obtained from a total of 9 patients for access to the digital and physical medical file, of which all met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The median age was 40 years, in terms of gender, participation was mixed with a total of 5 male and 4 female patients. Before the placement of the intragastric balloon, 89% of the patients suffered from hepatic steatosis and 67% from dyslipidemia. 100% of the patients had a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2, with body fat percentages that indicated obesity. After 6 months of placement of the intragastric balloon, a statistically significant decrease in body weight was documented, reaching 14.5% of total body weight. Simultaneously, a decrease in CAP values and liver fibrosis was documented, directly related to normalization of CAP to non-pathological values in up to 33% of patients and a decrease in the degrees of steatosis, with a 45% decrease in grade 3 steatosis. Regarding fibrosis, positive changes are demonstrated in the degrees of fibrosis indicated in Fibroscan, reaching up to 78% of patients in F0-F1. Anthropometric parameters demonstrated a significant decrease in both visceral fat (5.9 percentage points) and body mass index (up to 14.3%). The biochemical values showed a reduction in most of the values studied, among which there were statistically significant reductions of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), GGT and triglycerides. Finally, changes in lifestyles were documented with decreases in fast food and alcohol consumption and increases in weekly physical activity. Conclusion: The study presents evidence of an improvement in nutritional, hepatic and biochemical conditions in the first 6 months of intragastric balloon placement. The total body weight loss reached 14.5%, exceeding the percentages established according to the scientific literature for the reversal of steatosis and liver fibrosis.
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Keywords
Balón intragástrico, Terapia endoscópica, Hígado graso, Bariátrica, Fibroscan, Fibrosis hepática