Biología reproductiva de Coccoloba uvifera (polygonaceae) una especie poligamo-dioica
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Madriz, Rosario
Ramírez, Nelson
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Universidad de Costa Rica
Abstract
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La biología reproductiva de Coccoloba uvifera ( L.) Jacq ( Polygonaceae) fue estudiada en el Litoral Central de Venezuela. El análisis morfológico y los estudios experimentales demuestran que esta planta presenta flores morfológicamente hermafroditas, pero diferencias en el tamaño de estambres y gineceo permiten diferenciar dos tipos de flores: masculinas y femeninas; a nivel poblacional se puede establecer que esta especie es poligarno-dioica: individuos masculinos, individuos femeninos e individuos monoicos. Pruebas experimentales demostraron que esta especie es autocompatible. Comparaciones de las características reproductivas de individuos monoicos y dioicos, fueron realizadas obteniendose los mayores promedios de flores /inflorescencia, fruto /inflorescencia, semillas/inflorescencia y peso del fruto /infrutescencia en las plantas dioicas comparado con las monoicas. La caracterización de los mecanismos de polinización y dispersión, revela que esta planta es polinizada por pequeños hymenóteros, principalmente abejas y avispas, considerando al sistema como generalista y la diseminación de los frutos es realizada por murciélagos. De acuerdo a los resultados anteriores, el dioecismo en C. uvifera ha evolucionado probablemente del hermafroditismo via monoecismo.
The reproductive biology of Coccoloba uvifera ( L.) Jacq. (Polygonaceae) was studied in the Venezuelan coastal zone. Morphological and experimental anal ysis of floral traits indicated that C. uvifera had two flower types, based on stamens and pistil size. C. uvifera is polygamous - dioecious (monoecious, female and male individuals) at population level. Experimentally monoecious individuals were self - compatible, and a low proportion of fruit and seeds were produced by self - pollination. The number of flowers per in florescence, fruits per in frutescence and fruit weight were higher in dioecious than in monoecious individuals. Pollination was done small insects, mainly hymenopterans. The pollination system is generalist according to insect visitation, frecuency, pollen load and site of pollen transportation. Fruit are dispersed by bats. Apparently, the polygamous - dioecious condition in C. uvifera originated in a hermaphrodite ancestor and monoecism is an a intennediate condition.
The reproductive biology of Coccoloba uvifera ( L.) Jacq. (Polygonaceae) was studied in the Venezuelan coastal zone. Morphological and experimental anal ysis of floral traits indicated that C. uvifera had two flower types, based on stamens and pistil size. C. uvifera is polygamous - dioecious (monoecious, female and male individuals) at population level. Experimentally monoecious individuals were self - compatible, and a low proportion of fruit and seeds were produced by self - pollination. The number of flowers per in florescence, fruits per in frutescence and fruit weight were higher in dioecious than in monoecious individuals. Pollination was done small insects, mainly hymenopterans. The pollination system is generalist according to insect visitation, frecuency, pollen load and site of pollen transportation. Fruit are dispersed by bats. Apparently, the polygamous - dioecious condition in C. uvifera originated in a hermaphrodite ancestor and monoecism is an a intennediate condition.
Keywords
reproductive biology, monoecious, dioecious, breeding systems polygamous - dioecious