Efectos físicos y mentales en adultos mayores por consumo prolongado de benzodiazepinas
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Los efectos y riesgos potenciales por el consumo de benzodiazepinas han sido documentados durante varias décadas. Las personas adultas mayores tienen un efecto particularmente importante por los cambios relevantes en la farmacocinética y farmacodinamia propios del envejecimiento. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa fue dar respuesta sobre los efectos por el consumo de benzodiazepinas en la salud física y mental de las personas adultas mayores. Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, Cochrane, Scielo y LILACS y en el repositorio del Sistema de Bibliotecas Documentación e Información de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Los efectos en la salud física identificados fueron mayor riesgo de caídas y fracturas; mientras que, en salud mental se reportó mayor riesgo de demencia y disminución de la velocidad del procesamiento cognitivo. Los resultados recalcan la importancia de limitar el uso prolongado de benzodiazepinas en personas adultas mayores, promoviendo alternativas terapéuticas no farmacológicas, como la terapia cognitivo-conductual, especialmente para el manejo del insomnio y ansiedad. La sensibilización dirigida a quienes prescriben este tipo de medicamentos es fundamental, de manera que busquen formas alternativas de abordar los padecimientos de esta población como el insomnio y la ansiedad.
The potential effects and risks of benzodiazepine use have been documented for several decades, with older adults being particularly affected due to the significant changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics associated with aging. The objective of this narrative review was to provide answers regarding the effects of benzodiazepine use on the physical and mental health of older adults. A search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Scielo, and LILACS, as well as in the repository of the Library, Documentation, and Information System of the University of Costa Rica. The effects on physical health identified were an increased risk of falls and fractures, while in mental health, an increased risk of dementia and decreased cognitive processing speed were reported. The results emphasize the importance of limiting the prolonged use of benzodiazepines in older adults and promoting non-pharmacological therapeutic alternatives, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, especially for the management of insomnia and anxiety. Raising awareness among those who prescribe this type of medication is essential so that they seek alternative ways to address conditions such as insomnia and anxiety in this population.
The potential effects and risks of benzodiazepine use have been documented for several decades, with older adults being particularly affected due to the significant changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics associated with aging. The objective of this narrative review was to provide answers regarding the effects of benzodiazepine use on the physical and mental health of older adults. A search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Scielo, and LILACS, as well as in the repository of the Library, Documentation, and Information System of the University of Costa Rica. The effects on physical health identified were an increased risk of falls and fractures, while in mental health, an increased risk of dementia and decreased cognitive processing speed were reported. The results emphasize the importance of limiting the prolonged use of benzodiazepines in older adults and promoting non-pharmacological therapeutic alternatives, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, especially for the management of insomnia and anxiety. Raising awareness among those who prescribe this type of medication is essential so that they seek alternative ways to address conditions such as insomnia and anxiety in this population.
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Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias, Envejecimiento, Benzodiazepinas, Efectos Metabólicos Secundarios de Drogas y Sustancias, Calidad de vida, Substance-Related Disorders, Aging, Benzodiazepines, Metabolic Side Effects of Drugs and Substances, Quality of Life