Revisión bibliográfica de criterios para realizar procedimientos extraarticulares en conjunto a las reconstrucciones del ligamento cruzado anterior
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Este trabajo se enfoca en la importancia de los procedimientos extraarticulares en las lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) para prevenir la inestabilidad rotacional anterolateral residual, que puede presentarse en algunos pacientes con características especiales, la cual es causa de re-ruptura en reconstrucciones de LCA. Primeramente, se estudiará el complejo anterolateral anatómico de la rodilla de manera introductoria y se desarrollará un tema con estudios basados en evidencia, sobre cuales son los pacientes que se beneficiarían de una tenodesis extraarticular lateral, revisando en conjunto las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas en nuestra actualidad, lo relevante de la rehabilitación posquirúrgica y el manejo de posibles complicaciones postquirúrgicas específicas. Siendo esta revisión base fundamental para poder realizar un estudio de serie de casos de manera descriptiva y longitudinal sobre la evolución posquirúrgica de pacientes con ruptura de LCA a los cuales se les realiza la reconstrucción de este mismo con o sin una tenodesis extraarticular lateral, según criterios de inclusión y de tal manera documentar los hallazgos encontrados, además de verificar la seguridad de este procedimiento, generando la hipótesis de que si la seguridad y evolución posquirúrgica son adecuadas, debe de siempre contemplarse este procedimiento como complementario a las plastias de LCA en una parte de la población afectada en específico.
This paper focuses on the importance of extra-articular procedures in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries to prevent residual anterolateral rotational instability, which may occur in some patients with special characteristics, and which is a cause of re-rupture in ACL reconstructions. First, the anterolateral anatomical complex of the knee will be studied in an introductory manner and a topic will be developed with evidence-based studies on which patients would benefit from lateral extra-articular tenodesis, jointly reviewing the different surgical techniques currently used, the relevance of post-surgical rehabilitation and the management of possible specific post-surgical complications. This review is a fundamental basis for carrying out a descriptive and longitudinal case series study on the post-surgical evolution of patients with ACL rupture who undergo reconstruction with or without lateral extraarticular tenodesis, according to inclusion criteria and in such a way document the findings found, in addition to verifying the safety of this procedure, generating the hypothesis that if the safety and post-surgical evolution are adequate, this procedure should always be considered as complementary to ACL plasties in a specific part of the affected population.
This paper focuses on the importance of extra-articular procedures in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries to prevent residual anterolateral rotational instability, which may occur in some patients with special characteristics, and which is a cause of re-rupture in ACL reconstructions. First, the anterolateral anatomical complex of the knee will be studied in an introductory manner and a topic will be developed with evidence-based studies on which patients would benefit from lateral extra-articular tenodesis, jointly reviewing the different surgical techniques currently used, the relevance of post-surgical rehabilitation and the management of possible specific post-surgical complications. This review is a fundamental basis for carrying out a descriptive and longitudinal case series study on the post-surgical evolution of patients with ACL rupture who undergo reconstruction with or without lateral extraarticular tenodesis, according to inclusion criteria and in such a way document the findings found, in addition to verifying the safety of this procedure, generating the hypothesis that if the safety and post-surgical evolution are adequate, this procedure should always be considered as complementary to ACL plasties in a specific part of the affected population.
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LCA, ligamento cruzado anterior, procedimientos extraarticulares, reconstrucción, ortopedia