Contenido macro y micromineral del pasto ryegrass (Lolium spp.) en la zona alta de Cartago, Costa Rica
Fecha
2018-10
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Villalobos Villalobos, Luis Alonso
Sánchez González, Jorge Manuel
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Resumen
Se evaluó el contenido macro y micromineral del pasto ryegrass en la zona alta de Cartago, Costa Rica. Los contenidos promedio de Ca (0,68%) y P (0,39%) mostraron una relación mayor a 1,6:1 en épocas semi-seca y transición, mientras que fue menor en las fincas 1 (1,55:1) y 3 (1,58:1). El contenido de K (3,64%) encontrado en el pasto ryegrass incrementa la probabilidad de que las vacas lactantes en pastoreo sufran desórdenes metabólicos como la hipomagnesemia. En época semi-seca los contenidos de Mn, Fe y Zn fueron mayores (61,9, 105,7 y 69,9 mg/kg MS, respectivamente) que en época lluviosa (45,6, 78,6 y 43,9 mg/kg MS, respectivamente). El contenido de Cu fue similar entre épocas (11,6-12,4 mg/kg MS) y entre fincas (11,0-12,9 mg/kg MS). El aporte mineral del ryegrass permite llenar los requerimientos de K y Mn durante el año en vacas lactantes mientras que el P y el Fe se pueden llenar en épocas lluviosa y semi-seca, respectivamente. La utilización de suplementos minerales debe llenar los demás requerimientos en ganado lechero. Las prácticas agronómicas como el encalado (Ca y Mg) pueden disminuir la ocurrencia de desbalances minerales en ganado lechero pastoreando ryegrass.
The macro and micromineral content of ryegrass in the highlands of Cartago, Costa Rica was evaluated. The mean content for Ca (0.68%) and P (0.39%) allowed to maintain a Ca:P ratio greater than 1.6:1 during the semi-dry and transition months, but smaller ratios were found in farms 1 (1.55:1) and 3 (1.58:1). The K content (3.64%) found in ryegrass increases the likelihood of metabolic disorders such as hypomagnesemia to occur in lactating grazing cattle. Semi-dry months had Mn, Fe and Zn contents greater (61.9, 105.7 y 69.9 mg/kg DM, respectively) than the rainy months (45.6, 78.6 y 43.9 mg/kg DM, respectively). Cu content was similar throughout the year (11.6- 12.4 mg/kg DM) and among the farms (11.0-12.9 mg/kg DM). The mineral supply from ryegrass may meet the requirements of K and Mn for grazing dairy cattle along the year, but P and Fe supply can only suffice its requirements during the rainy and semi-dry months, respectively. The use of mineral supplements must meet the other requirements in dairy cattle. The agronomic practices such as lime application (Ca and Mg) may reducethe occurrence of mineral unbalances in dairy cattle grazing ryegrass.
The macro and micromineral content of ryegrass in the highlands of Cartago, Costa Rica was evaluated. The mean content for Ca (0.68%) and P (0.39%) allowed to maintain a Ca:P ratio greater than 1.6:1 during the semi-dry and transition months, but smaller ratios were found in farms 1 (1.55:1) and 3 (1.58:1). The K content (3.64%) found in ryegrass increases the likelihood of metabolic disorders such as hypomagnesemia to occur in lactating grazing cattle. Semi-dry months had Mn, Fe and Zn contents greater (61.9, 105.7 y 69.9 mg/kg DM, respectively) than the rainy months (45.6, 78.6 y 43.9 mg/kg DM, respectively). Cu content was similar throughout the year (11.6- 12.4 mg/kg DM) and among the farms (11.0-12.9 mg/kg DM). The mineral supply from ryegrass may meet the requirements of K and Mn for grazing dairy cattle along the year, but P and Fe supply can only suffice its requirements during the rainy and semi-dry months, respectively. The use of mineral supplements must meet the other requirements in dairy cattle. The agronomic practices such as lime application (Ca and Mg) may reducethe occurrence of mineral unbalances in dairy cattle grazing ryegrass.
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Palabras clave
Desbalances, Microminerales, Macrominerales, Lolium, Ryegrass, Ryegrass, Lolium, Macrominerals, Microminerals, Unbalances, 633.202 Pasturas y sus pastos