Genetic transformation of orchids

Abstract

Orchids are prized for their beautiful flowers, but traditional breeding takes time and may not quickly produce new varieties. Genetic transformation can help, though different genera react differently to methods like biobalistics and transfection by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This review examines the pros and cons of these techniques and necessary adjustments, such as adding acetosyringone, chemicals to induce sensitivity to A. tumefaciens, selecting vectors, and choosing appropriate explant tissue for transformation. We hope thus to aid research teams across the world in creating innovative traits to meet market demand.