The Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca Vaccines to Prevent Severe COVID-19 in Costa Rica: Nationwide, Ecological Study of Hospitalization Prevalence

dc.creatorRosero Bixby, Luis
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-07T14:00:41Z
dc.date.available2022-06-07T14:00:41Z
dc.date.issued2022-05
dc.description.abstractBackground: The Costa Rican COVID-19 vaccination program has used Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines. Real-world estimates of the effectiveness of these vaccines to prevent hospitalizations range from 90%-98% for two doses and from 70%-91% for a single dose. Almost all of these estimates predate the Delta variant. Objective: The aim of this study is to estimate the dose-dependent effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent severe illness in real-world conditions in Costa Rica, after the Delta variant became dominant. Methods: This observational study is a secondary analysis of hospitalization prevalence. The sample is all 3.67 million adult residents living in Costa Rica by mid-2021. The study is based on public aggregated data of 5978 COVID-19–related hospital records from September 14, 2021, to October 20, 2021, and 6.1 million vaccination doses administered to determine hospitalization prevalence by dose-specific vaccination status. The intervention retrospectively evaluated is vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech (78%) and Oxford-AstraZeneca (22%). The main outcome studied is being hospitalized. Results: Vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization (VEH) was estimated as 93.4% (95% CI 93.0-93.9) for complete vaccination and 76.7% (95% CI 75.0-78.3) for single-dose vaccination among adults of all ages. VEH was lower and more uncertain among older adults aged ≥58 years: 92% (95% CI 91%-93%) for those who had received full vaccination and 64% (95% CI 58%-69%) for those who had received partial vaccination. Single-dose VEH declined over time during the study period, especially in the older age group. Estimates were sensitive to possible errors in the population count used to determine the residual number of unvaccinated people when vaccine coverage is high. Conclusions: The Costa Rican COVID-19 vaccination program that administered Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines seems to be highly effective at preventing COVID-19–related hospitalization after the Delta variant became dominant. Even a single dose seems to provide some degree of protection, which is good news for people whose second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was postponed several weeks to more rapidly increase the number of people vaccinated with a first dose. Timely monitoring of vaccine effectiveness is important to detect eventual failures and motivate the public to get vaccinated by providing information regarding the effectiveness of the vaccines.es_ES
dc.description.procedenceUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro Centroamericano de Población (CCP)es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa Ricaes_ES
dc.identifier.citationhttps://publichealth.jmir.org/2022/5/e35054/es_ES
dc.identifier.doi10.2196/35054
dc.identifier.issn2369-2960
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10669/86700
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.rightsacceso abierto
dc.sourceJMIR Public Health and Surveillance, vol.8(5), pp.e35054.es_ES
dc.subjectCOVID-19es_ES
dc.subjectVaccinees_ES
dc.subjectEffectivenesses_ES
dc.subjectHospitalizationes_ES
dc.subjectEpidemiologyes_ES
dc.subjectPreventiones_ES
dc.subjectSeverityes_ES
dc.subjectCosta Ricaes_ES
dc.subjectObservationales_ES
dc.subjectPrevalencees_ES
dc.subjectReal-worldes_ES
dc.subjectViruses_ES
dc.subjectVariantes_ES
dc.subjectPolicyes_ES
dc.subjectMonitoringes_ES
dc.subjectSurveillancees_ES
dc.titleThe Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca Vaccines to Prevent Severe COVID-19 in Costa Rica: Nationwide, Ecological Study of Hospitalization Prevalencees_ES
dc.typeartículo originales_ES

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