Propuesta de un protocolo optimizado de valoración preoperatoria en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica candidatos a transplante renal
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Ríos Sanabria, Carlomagno
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La enfermedad renal crónica es una entidad patológica que aumenta día a día a nivel
global y, por ende, precisa contar con un protocolo de valoración preoperatoria, a nivel
nacional, que esté normalizado y actualizado para tomar decisiones objetivas con los
pacientes aptos para un trasplante renal; dicha enfermedad se refiere a la disminución de la
función renal expresada por una tasa de filtración glomerular < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 o por la
presencia de daño renal persistente durante al menos tres meses.
De esta manera, la identificación de personas en riesgo de sufrir enfermedad renal crónica
se da mediante el estudio de una apropiada historia clínica; es decir, la valoración de los
antecedentes heredo-familiares de ERC, la indagación de diagnósticos por HTA,
dislipidemias y obesidad, la evaluación del índice de masa corporal, Hiperuricemia y la
función cardiovascular; asimismo, es necesario efectuar el análisis de datos de poliquistosis
renal, hematuria, sepsis urinaria, cirugía urológica previa, fármacos nefrotóxicos, uso de
medios de contraste en estudios radiológicos intravenosos; también, valorar la presencia de
proteinuria / albuminurias persistentes y otras alteraciones del sedimento urinario o
alteraciones morfológicas renales. Por consiguiente, dentro del protocolo de valoración pre
– operatoria, se deben tomar en cuenta las indicaciones y contraindicaciones del trasplante
de riñón, así como las escalas de fragilidad de cada paciente candidato a dicho trasplante.
Además, hay que estudiar las patologías como: diabetes, hipertensión, anemia y trastornos
electrolíticos en cada paciente. No se deben dejar de lado las revisiones: cardiovascular,
respiratoria, vascular periférica, renal, maligna, neurológica, endocrinológica, hematológica,
urológica, ginecológica, infectológica, así como, la profilaxis antibioticaria y parasitaria en
la creación de un protocolo de valoración pre – operatoria en un trasplante de riñón.
The Chronic Kidney Disease is a pathology which has been increasing day by day worldwide; and that is the reason why, and updated and normalized pre-surgical assessment protocol is needed in order to make objective decisions for those patients who are apt to a Kidney Transplant. The Chronic Kidney Disease refers to the decrease of the Glomerural Filtration Rate to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or the persistence of Kidney Failure at least for more than three months. In order to identify the risk population for Chronic Kidney Disease, health professionals need to make a proper Clinical History, to value the Hereditary Antecedents of Chronic Kidney Disease, to consider the possible diagnoses of Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Obesity, to evaluate the Body Mass Index, to take into consideration the rate of Hyperuricemia, to evaluate the cardiovascular function, to analyze the possible background of Polycystic Renal Disease, Hematuria, Previous Urinary Sepsis, Urological Surgery, to examine the presence of persistent Proteinuria / Albuminuria and other alterations of urinary sediment or Morphological Kidney alterations. As part of the pre-surgical assessment protocol, certain factors should be considered such as: Indications and Contraindications of Kidney Transplant as well as fragility scales of each patient who is candidate for a Kidney Transplant. Also, pathologies such as Diabetes, Hypertension, Anemia, Electrolytic Disorders should also be studied in those patients. As part of this protocol, it is needed to study the Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Vascular Peripherical, Malignity, Neurological, Endocrinological, Hematological, Urological, Gynecological and Infectological Status of the patient as well as the need of review the Antibiotic and Parasitic Prophylaxis of each patient in the creation of a Kidney-Transplant Pre-Surgical Assessment Protocol
The Chronic Kidney Disease is a pathology which has been increasing day by day worldwide; and that is the reason why, and updated and normalized pre-surgical assessment protocol is needed in order to make objective decisions for those patients who are apt to a Kidney Transplant. The Chronic Kidney Disease refers to the decrease of the Glomerural Filtration Rate to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or the persistence of Kidney Failure at least for more than three months. In order to identify the risk population for Chronic Kidney Disease, health professionals need to make a proper Clinical History, to value the Hereditary Antecedents of Chronic Kidney Disease, to consider the possible diagnoses of Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Obesity, to evaluate the Body Mass Index, to take into consideration the rate of Hyperuricemia, to evaluate the cardiovascular function, to analyze the possible background of Polycystic Renal Disease, Hematuria, Previous Urinary Sepsis, Urological Surgery, to examine the presence of persistent Proteinuria / Albuminuria and other alterations of urinary sediment or Morphological Kidney alterations. As part of the pre-surgical assessment protocol, certain factors should be considered such as: Indications and Contraindications of Kidney Transplant as well as fragility scales of each patient who is candidate for a Kidney Transplant. Also, pathologies such as Diabetes, Hypertension, Anemia, Electrolytic Disorders should also be studied in those patients. As part of this protocol, it is needed to study the Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Vascular Peripherical, Malignity, Neurological, Endocrinological, Hematological, Urological, Gynecological and Infectological Status of the patient as well as the need of review the Antibiotic and Parasitic Prophylaxis of each patient in the creation of a Kidney-Transplant Pre-Surgical Assessment Protocol
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VALORACION, PREOPERATORIA, TRASPLANTE, RENAL
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