Disciplinamiento y normalización de la juventud en el contexto del diseño de la nueva arquitectura educativa de la enseñanza media en Costa Rica (1950-1972)
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Entre 1950 y 1972, Costa Rica vivió una profunda transformación en su sistema educativo, centrada en la expansión de la enseñanza media y la modernización curricular. La Reforma de la Segunda Enseñanza, iniciada en 1950, introdujo un enfoque de eficiencia social, reorganizando contenidos y promoviendo la orientación vocacional, aunque persistieron limitaciones como el enfoque enciclopedista y la rigidez curricular. Desde sus inicios la reforma estuvo influenciada por organismos internacionales como la UNESCO y la OEA.
En afinidad con lo anterior, el planeamiento educativo se consolidó con la creación de la Oficina de Planeamiento de la Educación (OPE), influida por organismos internacionales y fundaciones como la Ford. Dichas organizaciones promovieron la educación como inversión económica, alineada con el paradigma del capital humano.
De conformidad con ello, el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Educativo (PNDE) en los años 70 buscó modernizar el sistema educativo y alinearlo con el desarrollo económico. Aunque ambicioso, enfrentó críticas por su falta de claridad, escasa participación en su diseño y problemas de legitimidad. En conjunto, estas reformas sentaron las bases para una educación costarricense orientada a la eficiencia, y un idealismo desbordado en función a planificación estratégica educativa vinculada con el desarrollo nacional.
Between 1950 and 1972, Costa Rica underwent a profound transformation in its educational system, focused on the expansion of secondary education and curricular modernization. The Reform of Secondary Education, initiated in 1950, introduced a social efficiency approach, reorganizing content and promoting vocational guidance, although limitations such as an encyclopedic focus and curricular rigidity persisted. From its inception, the reform was influenced by international organizations such as UNESCO and the OAS. In line with this, educational planning was consolidated with the creation of the Office of Educational Planning (OPE), influenced by international organizations and foundations such as the Ford Foundation. These organizations promoted education as an economic investment, aligned with the human capital paradigm. Accordingly, the National Educational Development Plan (PNDE) in the 1970s sought to modernize the educational system and align it with economic development. Although ambitious, it faced criticism for its lack of clarity, limited participation in its design, and issues of legitimacy. Taken together, these reforms laid the foundation for a Costa Rican education system oriented toward efficiency and an overflowing idealism based on strategic educational planning linked to national development.
Between 1950 and 1972, Costa Rica underwent a profound transformation in its educational system, focused on the expansion of secondary education and curricular modernization. The Reform of Secondary Education, initiated in 1950, introduced a social efficiency approach, reorganizing content and promoting vocational guidance, although limitations such as an encyclopedic focus and curricular rigidity persisted. From its inception, the reform was influenced by international organizations such as UNESCO and the OAS. In line with this, educational planning was consolidated with the creation of the Office of Educational Planning (OPE), influenced by international organizations and foundations such as the Ford Foundation. These organizations promoted education as an economic investment, aligned with the human capital paradigm. Accordingly, the National Educational Development Plan (PNDE) in the 1970s sought to modernize the educational system and align it with economic development. Although ambitious, it faced criticism for its lack of clarity, limited participation in its design, and issues of legitimacy. Taken together, these reforms laid the foundation for a Costa Rican education system oriented toward efficiency and an overflowing idealism based on strategic educational planning linked to national development.
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arquitectura educativa, enseñanza media, modernización curricular, educación costarricense