Caracterización clínica de familias costarricenses con trastorno afectivo bipolar
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Contreras Rojas, Javier
Raventós Vorst, Henriette
Contreras Rojas, Javier
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Abstract
Justificación y objetivos: la heterogeneidad clínica del trastorno afectivo bipolar tipo I constituye
uno de los principales desafíos en el diagnóstico de dicha enfermedad. Se necesitan múltiples
fuentes de información que permitan definir el perfil clínico, demográfico y comorbilidad con otras
enfermedades psiquiátricas. El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las características clínicas,
sociodemográficas y curso del trastorno, en familias costarricenses con uno o más miembros
afectados.
Métodos: se estudió a 167 pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar tipo I, los cuales provenían de
diferentes familias de Costa Rica. El diagnóstico clínico se llevó a cabo mediante el proceso de mejor
estimado diagnóstico y caracterización clínica dimensional a través de la vida. El análisis estadístico
incluyó regresión logística, así como curvas de sobrevivencia de Kaplan-Meier.
Resultados: 93 sujetos (55,7%) fueron mujeres. La edad promedio al momento de la entrevista fue
de 43,25 (DE=13,90). De los probandos con edad de inicio de enfermedad posterior a 20 años, 24
(14,0%) familiares de primer grado tenían trastorno bipolar tipo I (x2=3,56, p=0,05); OR=1,7; 95%
CI=1,2-2,7. La edad promedio de inicio para el trastorno por uso de sustancias en varones, fue 17
años (DE=0,4), versus 23 años (DE=3,2) para mujeres (x2=3.90, p=0.04). Varones con trastorno
bipolar tipo y uso comórbido de sustancias presentaron menor edad de inicio de cualquier síntoma
psiquiátrico, que aquellos sin TUS (x2=8,99, p=0,003).
Conclusiones: el trastorno por uso de sustancias seguido por los trastornos de ansiedad, constituyen
las condiciones comórbidas más frecuentes en el trastorno afectivo bipolar tipo I. La edad de inicio
más temprana de trastorno afectivo bipolar tipo I en probandos, se asocia con mayor número de
afectados por dicho trastorno en familiares de primer grado.
Descriptores: trastorno afectivo bipolar, estudios de familias, Costa Rica, trastorno por uso de
sustancias, patología dual.
Explanation and objectives: Clinical heterogeneity is one of the main challenges to diagnose bipolar disorder type I. Multiple sources of information are required to define comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, as well as the clinical and demographic characteristics of this mental disorder. The objective of this study is to analyze the socio-demographic, clinical and course characteristics of bipolar disorder type I in Costa Rican families with more than one member affected. Methods: A sample of 167 individuals with bipolar disorder type I from different families in Costa Rica was studied. The clinical diagnosis was carried out through a best estimate diagnostic procedure and a characterization of lifetime clinical dimensions. Logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Ninety-three subjects (55.7%) were females and the mean age at the time of the interview was 43.25 (SD=13.90). In the case of probands with age of onset for bipolar disorder type I after age 20 years, 24 (14.0%) first-degree relatives had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder type I (x2=3.56, p=0.05); OR=1.7; 95% CI=1.2-2.7. The median for age of onset of substance use disorder in males was 17 (SE=0.4) compared to 23 (SE=3.2) in females (x2=3.90, p=0.04). Bipolar disorder type I males with comorbid substance use disorder reported earlier age of onset of any psychiatric symptom than those without substance use disorder (x2=8.99, p=0.003). Conclusions: Substance use disorder, followed by anxiety disorders are the most prevalent comorbid conditions in bipolar disorder type I. Early onset of bipolar disorder type I in probands was associated with higher number of relatives suffering from bipolar disorder type I.
Explanation and objectives: Clinical heterogeneity is one of the main challenges to diagnose bipolar disorder type I. Multiple sources of information are required to define comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, as well as the clinical and demographic characteristics of this mental disorder. The objective of this study is to analyze the socio-demographic, clinical and course characteristics of bipolar disorder type I in Costa Rican families with more than one member affected. Methods: A sample of 167 individuals with bipolar disorder type I from different families in Costa Rica was studied. The clinical diagnosis was carried out through a best estimate diagnostic procedure and a characterization of lifetime clinical dimensions. Logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Ninety-three subjects (55.7%) were females and the mean age at the time of the interview was 43.25 (SD=13.90). In the case of probands with age of onset for bipolar disorder type I after age 20 years, 24 (14.0%) first-degree relatives had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder type I (x2=3.56, p=0.05); OR=1.7; 95% CI=1.2-2.7. The median for age of onset of substance use disorder in males was 17 (SE=0.4) compared to 23 (SE=3.2) in females (x2=3.90, p=0.04). Bipolar disorder type I males with comorbid substance use disorder reported earlier age of onset of any psychiatric symptom than those without substance use disorder (x2=8.99, p=0.003). Conclusions: Substance use disorder, followed by anxiety disorders are the most prevalent comorbid conditions in bipolar disorder type I. Early onset of bipolar disorder type I in probands was associated with higher number of relatives suffering from bipolar disorder type I.
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Bipolar disorder, Costa Rica, Substance use disorder, Dual diagnosis, Trastorno afectivo bipolar, Estudios de familias, Costa Rica, Trastorno por uso de sustancias, Patología dual, Family studies, 616.895 728 6 Psicosis maníacodepresiva (Trastornos bipolares)
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