Estructura factorial, invarianza de la medida y propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente en Costa Rica
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Smith Castro, Vanessa
Argüello Gutiérrez, Catalina
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Abstract
El sexismo ambivalente (SA) es un constructo multidimensional compuesto por creencias y actitudes hostiles y benevolentes que legitiman la desigualdad entre sexos. Para medirlo, se usa de manera muy difundida el Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ISA), una escala originalmente creada en inglés que ha sido traducida y utilizada en el contexto latinoamericano. No obstante, en Costa Rica no se cuenta con evidencia suficiente que permita justificar la invarianza de la medida y permitir un uso psicométrico adecuado. En este estudio se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas del ISA en dos grupos poblacionales, en dos diferentes años (2013 y 2017) y en hombres y mujeres. Concretamente, se analizó la estructura factorial y la invarianza de la medida en estos grupos mediante la técnica de Análisis de Factores Confirmatorio (AFC) Multigrupo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 968 participantes, con edades entre 16 y los 92 años (M = 23 años, DE = 11.62 años) de los cuales el 58.7% fueron mujeres. De forma global, los datos indicaron que la estructura factorial del instrumento se sostiene en poblaciones distintas, a lo largo del tiempo y tanto en hombres como mujeres. Específicamente, en el caso de las dos poblaciones estudiadas y los dos puntos en el tiempo, los resultados indicaron que solo se pueden asumir las invarianzas configural y métrica. En el caso del sexo, los resultados indicaron que sí es posible asumir niveles de invarianza estrictos de manera parcial. Se concluye que el ISA presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para su uso en Costa Rica.
Ambivalent Sexism (AS) is a multidimensional construct made up of hostile and benevolent beliefs and attitudes that legitimize inequality between the genres. To measure AS the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) is widely used. The scale was initially created in English and has is translated and used in several contexts, including the Latin American one. However, in Costa Rica, there is not enough evidence to justify the invariance of the measure and allow adequate psychometric uses. In this study, ASI´s psychometric properties were evaluated in two population groups, at two different points in time, and among men and women. Specifically, the instrument’s factorial structure and invariance across these groups were analyzed using the Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) technique. The sample consisted of 968 participants, aged between 16 and 92 years (M = 23 years, SD = 11.62 years), of which 58.7% were women. Overall, data indicated the two-dimensional structure of the instrument was partially supported in different populations, over time, and among both men and women. Specifically, in the case of the two populations and the two temporal moments, the results indicated that only configural and metric invariances can be assumed. In the case of sex, results revealed that it is possible to partially assume strict levels of invariance. It is concluded that the ASI presents adequate psychometric properties for its use in Costa Rica.
Ambivalent Sexism (AS) is a multidimensional construct made up of hostile and benevolent beliefs and attitudes that legitimize inequality between the genres. To measure AS the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) is widely used. The scale was initially created in English and has is translated and used in several contexts, including the Latin American one. However, in Costa Rica, there is not enough evidence to justify the invariance of the measure and allow adequate psychometric uses. In this study, ASI´s psychometric properties were evaluated in two population groups, at two different points in time, and among men and women. Specifically, the instrument’s factorial structure and invariance across these groups were analyzed using the Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) technique. The sample consisted of 968 participants, aged between 16 and 92 years (M = 23 years, SD = 11.62 years), of which 58.7% were women. Overall, data indicated the two-dimensional structure of the instrument was partially supported in different populations, over time, and among both men and women. Specifically, in the case of the two populations and the two temporal moments, the results indicated that only configural and metric invariances can be assumed. In the case of sex, results revealed that it is possible to partially assume strict levels of invariance. It is concluded that the ASI presents adequate psychometric properties for its use in Costa Rica.
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ISA, estereotipos de género, propiedades psicométricas, invarianza de medida, validez, ASI, gender stereotypes, psychometric properties, measurement invariance, validity