El paisaje tutelado en Costa Rica: normativa, patrimonio y ambiente
Fecha
2024
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Riba Hernández, Lucía
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Resumen
El paisaje es una dimensión de trabajo que ha ganado un lugar cada vez más relevante en las prácticas de la conservación patrimonial. A pesar de su presencia significativa en el escenario internacional, en el caso costarricense aún es una variable o categoría poco presente, difusa y muchas veces es negligenciada. Se propuso realizar un análisis respecto a la relación entre los conceptos de ambiente, paisaje, y patrimonio, considerados como estructurales para la noción de paisaje cultural, con el fin de identificar sus abordajes teórico conceptuales en la normativa costarricense. Dicho análisis es realizado desde distintas miradas multidisciplinarias, lo que permite poner en crítica la dimensión histórica asociada con la noción eurocentrada de belleza dada al paisaje, conforme Cauquelin, como “representación poética del mundo” anclada en la presencia inherente de la naturaleza. La lectura crítica propuesta tuvo como base la revisión de 19 normas vigentes en materia ambiental, de la planificación urbana y la conservación del patrimonio histórico-arquitectónico en el ámbito costarricense. Se identifica en el compendio analizado, un peso significativo de la Ecología de Paisajes, como argumento orientador de las propuestas para la administración y conservación del paisaje, de la mano de la belleza escénica, como atributo de valor patrimonial, atendiendo, en ambos casos, al paisaje como recurso. La totalización del paisaje en su dimensión territorial, colectiva y política se reafirma como abordaje que permitiría tensionar conceptualmente, y desde la práctica, la forma en que han sido realizadas las prácticas relativas a la conservación del paisaje en Costa Rica.
Landscape is a working dimension that has gained an increasingly relevant place in heritage conservation practices. Despite its significant presence in the international scenario, in the Costa Rican case it is still a variable or category that is not very present, diffuse and often neglected. It was proposed to analyze the relationship between the concepts of environment, landscape, and heritage, considered as structural for the notion of cultural landscape, to identify their theoretical and conceptual approaches in Costa Rican regulations. This analysis is carried out from different multidisciplinary points of view, which allows us to critique the historical dimension associated with the Eurocentric notion of beauty given to landscape, according to Cauquelin, as a "poetic representation of the world" anchored in the inherent presence of nature. The proposed critical reading was based on the review of 19 current regulations on environmental matters, urban planning, and the conservation of the historical-architectural heritage in Costa Rica. A significant weight of Landscape Ecology is identified in the compendium analyzed, as a guiding argument of the proposals for the administration and conservation of the landscape, hand in hand with scenic beauty, as an attribute of patrimonial value, attending, in both cases, to the landscape as a resource. The totalization of the landscape in its territorial, collective and political dimension is reaffirmed as an approach that would allow for conceptual and practical tension in the way in which landscape conservation practices have been carried out in Costa Rica.
Landscape is a working dimension that has gained an increasingly relevant place in heritage conservation practices. Despite its significant presence in the international scenario, in the Costa Rican case it is still a variable or category that is not very present, diffuse and often neglected. It was proposed to analyze the relationship between the concepts of environment, landscape, and heritage, considered as structural for the notion of cultural landscape, to identify their theoretical and conceptual approaches in Costa Rican regulations. This analysis is carried out from different multidisciplinary points of view, which allows us to critique the historical dimension associated with the Eurocentric notion of beauty given to landscape, according to Cauquelin, as a "poetic representation of the world" anchored in the inherent presence of nature. The proposed critical reading was based on the review of 19 current regulations on environmental matters, urban planning, and the conservation of the historical-architectural heritage in Costa Rica. A significant weight of Landscape Ecology is identified in the compendium analyzed, as a guiding argument of the proposals for the administration and conservation of the landscape, hand in hand with scenic beauty, as an attribute of patrimonial value, attending, in both cases, to the landscape as a resource. The totalization of the landscape in its territorial, collective and political dimension is reaffirmed as an approach that would allow for conceptual and practical tension in the way in which landscape conservation practices have been carried out in Costa Rica.
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Palabras clave
CONTAMINACIÓN VISUAL, GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL, LEGISLACIÓN, PATRIMONIO, PROTECCIÓN DEL PAISAJE