Consumo de edulcorantes no calóricos en la población adulta argentina
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Cavagnari, Brian M.
Gómez Salas, Georgina
Kovalskys, Irina
Brenes Sáenz, Juan Carlos
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Abstract
Introducción: Los edulcorantes no calóricos (ECN) se utilizan para reemplazar azúcares añadidos en alimentos y bebidas. Para que esta sustitución sea beneficiosa para la salud, la ingesta de cada ECN no debe exceder su Ingesta Diaria Admisible (IDA). El objetivo principal de este estudio es determinar el consumo de aspartamo, acesulfamo-K, sucralosa y sacarina en la población argentina de 15 a 65 años y evaluar dicho consumo en relación con la IDA. Otros objetivos son estratificar el consumo según diferentes variables sociodemográficas y determinar las principales fuentes de ECN consumidas por la población argentina.
Métodos: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1266 personas (población urbana de 15 a 65 años), estratificadas por región, edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Los datos de ingesta se recopilaron mediante dos recordatorios de 24 horas.
Resultados: En Argentina, el consumo promedio de sacarina, aspartamo, acesulfamo-K y sucralosa se encuentra muy por debajo de su respectiva IDA: 8,4%, 3,2%, 2% y 0,3% de la IDA, respectivamente. Los consumos máximos reportados tampoco superan la IDA. Existe una mayor proporción de mujeres que consumen ENC. La proporción de consumidores de ENC aumenta con la edad. Las regiones Noreste y Sur presentan el menor porcentaje de consumidores de ENC. Las bebidas constituyen la principal fuente de ENC, seguidas de los edulcorantes de mesa. La contribución de los alimentos al consumo de ENC es insignificante.
Discusión: En Argentina existe un buen margen de seguridad para la reformulación de productos azucarados tendiente a reducir el exceso de calorías y azúcares agregados que consume la población.
Non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) are used to replace added sugars in foods and beverages. For this replacement to be a health benefit, the intake of each NCS should not exceed its Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). The main objective of this study is to determine the consumption of aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, and saccharin in the argentine population aged 15 to 65 years and to evaluate this consumption in relation to the ADI. Other objectives are to stratify the consumption based on different sociodemographic variables and to determine the main sources of NCS consumed by the argentine population. Methods: The sample consisted of 1266 individuals (urban population aged 15-65), stratified by region, age, sex, and socioeconomic level. Intake data was collected with two 24-hour recalls. Results: In Argentina, the average consumption of saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K and sucralose is well below their respective ADI: 8.4%, 3.2%, 2% and 0.3% of the ADI, respectively. The maximum reported consumptions do not exceed the ADI either. There is a higher proportion of women who consume NCS. The proportion of NCS consumers increases with age. The Northeast and South regions have the lowest percentage of NCS consumers. Beverages constitute the main source of NCS, followed by tabletop sweeteners. The contribution of food to NCS consumption is negligible. Discussion: In Argentina there is a good safety margin for the reformulation of sugary products aimed at reducing the excess calories and added sugars consumed by the population.
Non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) are used to replace added sugars in foods and beverages. For this replacement to be a health benefit, the intake of each NCS should not exceed its Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). The main objective of this study is to determine the consumption of aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, and saccharin in the argentine population aged 15 to 65 years and to evaluate this consumption in relation to the ADI. Other objectives are to stratify the consumption based on different sociodemographic variables and to determine the main sources of NCS consumed by the argentine population. Methods: The sample consisted of 1266 individuals (urban population aged 15-65), stratified by region, age, sex, and socioeconomic level. Intake data was collected with two 24-hour recalls. Results: In Argentina, the average consumption of saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K and sucralose is well below their respective ADI: 8.4%, 3.2%, 2% and 0.3% of the ADI, respectively. The maximum reported consumptions do not exceed the ADI either. There is a higher proportion of women who consume NCS. The proportion of NCS consumers increases with age. The Northeast and South regions have the lowest percentage of NCS consumers. Beverages constitute the main source of NCS, followed by tabletop sweeteners. The contribution of food to NCS consumption is negligible. Discussion: In Argentina there is a good safety margin for the reformulation of sugary products aimed at reducing the excess calories and added sugars consumed by the population.
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Keywords
ingesta diaria admisible, acesulfamo-K, aspartamo, edulcorantes bajos en calorías, sacarina, sucralosa.