Relación entre el perfil oxidativo y el índice de diversidad de la dieta en adultos mayores de una zona urbano-marginal de Costa Rica
Fecha
2023
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Valverde Vindas, Natalia
Quesada Mora, Silvia
Granados Zúñiga, Jorge
Vargas Umaña, Marianela
Lau Sánchez, Norma Celina
Gómez Salas, Georgina
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Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivo: A mayor edad, mayor producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno y mayor estrés
oxidativo, lo que se relaciona con el deterioro de la salud. Esta investigación analizó la relación entre el
perfil oxidativo y el índice de diversidad de la dieta en una población urbano-marginal de adultos mayores
de Costa Rica.
Métodos: Se trabajó con 88 adultos mayores a quienes se les determinó diversos marcadores de estrés
oxidativo, niveles séricos de glucosa, perfil lipídico y algunos micronutrientes.Además, se calculó el índice
de masa corporal y se determinó el índice de diversidad de la dieta (IDD).
Resultados: Se evidenció peroxidación lipídica y oxidación del ADN, un porcentaje de capacidad antioxidante plasmática total (% CAPT) promedio de 39,54 ± 10,67%, el cual disminuyó con la edad. El 67% de
los participantes presentó alteración en la glucemia, un 73% una o varias alteraciones en los niveles de
lípidos sanguíneos, un 55% niveles insuficientes de vitamina D y un 68,6% presentó exceso de peso. El IDD
promedio fue de 4,91 puntos, lo que indica que la dieta es poco diversa. No se encontró relación entre
el IDD y el estado nutricional, ni entre el estado nutricional y el estrés oxidativo, ni entre las variables
bioquímicas y el estrés oxidativo.
Conclusión: Los adultos estudiados presentaron un alto grado de estrés oxidativo, un elevado porcentaje
de exceso de peso y un bajo IDD. Un mayor IDD se asoció con una menor concentración sanguínea de
MDA y un mayor porcentaje de CAPT.
Background and objective: The older we get, the greater the production of reactive oxygen species and therefore the greater the oxidative stress, which is related to the deterioration of the health of older adults. This study analyzed the relationship between the oxidative profile and the dietary diversity index in an urban-marginal population of older adults in Costa Rica. Methods: Eighty-eight older adults were studied and various markers of oxidative stress, serum glucose levels, lipid profile, and some micronutrients were determined. In addition, the body mass index (BMI) was calculated and the dietary diversity index (DDI) was determined. Results: Lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation, a mean plasma antioxidant capacity percentage of 39.54 ± 10.67%, which decreased with age, were evidenced. 67% of the participants had alterations in glycemia, 73% had one or more alterations in blood lipid levels, 55% had insufficient vitamin D levels, and 68.6% were overweight. The average IDD was 4.91 points, indicating that the diet was not very diverse. No relationship was found between IDD and nutritional status, between nutritional status and oxidative stress, nor between biochemical variables and oxidative stress. Conclusion: The adults studied presented high oxidative stress, a high percentage of overweight, and a low IDD. A higher IDD was associated with a lower blood concentration of MDA and a higher % PAC
Background and objective: The older we get, the greater the production of reactive oxygen species and therefore the greater the oxidative stress, which is related to the deterioration of the health of older adults. This study analyzed the relationship between the oxidative profile and the dietary diversity index in an urban-marginal population of older adults in Costa Rica. Methods: Eighty-eight older adults were studied and various markers of oxidative stress, serum glucose levels, lipid profile, and some micronutrients were determined. In addition, the body mass index (BMI) was calculated and the dietary diversity index (DDI) was determined. Results: Lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation, a mean plasma antioxidant capacity percentage of 39.54 ± 10.67%, which decreased with age, were evidenced. 67% of the participants had alterations in glycemia, 73% had one or more alterations in blood lipid levels, 55% had insufficient vitamin D levels, and 68.6% were overweight. The average IDD was 4.91 points, indicating that the diet was not very diverse. No relationship was found between IDD and nutritional status, between nutritional status and oxidative stress, nor between biochemical variables and oxidative stress. Conclusion: The adults studied presented high oxidative stress, a high percentage of overweight, and a low IDD. A higher IDD was associated with a lower blood concentration of MDA and a higher % PAC
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Palabras clave
ADULTO, VEJEZ, DIVERSIDAD, DIETÉTICA, COSTA RICA, ZONA URBANA, SALUD, ESTRÉS MENTAL