Criterios de respuesta a tratamiento sistémico en pacientes con linfoma Hodgkin y no Hodgkin
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Los linfomas constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de neoplasias hematológicas derivadas de linfocitos B, T o NK, caracterizadas por una amplia diversidad morfológica, inmunofenotípica y genética. Su desarrollo, o linfomagénesis, implica alteraciones moleculares que afectan los mecanismos de proliferación y diferenciación celular. De acuerdo con la clasificación OMS-ICC 2022, se dividen en linfoma de Hodgkin y linfomas no Hodgkin, siendo estos últimos los más prevalentes. El diagnóstico requiere una evaluación integral que combine estudios histopatológicos, inmunohistoquímicos y moleculares. Uno de los aspectos más relevantes en el manejo de los linfomas es la estadificación y la evaluación de la respuesta al tratamiento, las cuales orientan la elección terapéutica y el pronóstico. El sistema de Ann Arbor, con su modificación de Cotswold, estableció las bases anatómicas de la estadificación clínica, mientras que los avances en imagenología han permitido integrar herramientas funcionales como la PET/CT con 18F-FDG, que ha demostrado una mayor precisión para valorar tanto el linfoma de Hodgkin como los linfomas no Hodgkin agresivos.Los criterios de Cheson introdujeron una evaluación combinada anatómica, clínica y metabólica, posteriormente refinada en la clasificación de Lugano (2014), que incorporó la escala visual de Deauville para estandarizar la respuesta metabólica. En el contexto de terapias inmunomoduladoras surgió la modificación LYRIC (2016), que contempla fenómenos como pseudoprogresión, y más recientemente, la clasificación RECIL (2017) simplificó los parámetros anatómicos de Lugano, facilitando su aplicación en ensayos clínicos. La integración de métodos morfológicos, metabólicos y moleculares ha permitido una evaluación más objetiva y personalizada del linfoma, mejorando la precisión diagnóstica, el seguimiento terapéutico y los resultados clínicos de los pacientes.
Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of hematological neoplasms derived from B, T, or NK lymphocytes, characterized by wide morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic diversity. Their development, or lymphomagenesis, involves molecular alterations that affect cellular proliferation and differentiation mechanisms. According to the WHO-ICC 2022 classification, lymphomas are divided into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, the latter being more prevalent. Diagnosis requires an integrated evaluation combining histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies. One of the most relevant aspects in lymphoma management is staging and treatment response assessment, which guide therapeutic decisions and prognosis. The Ann Arbor system, later modified by Cotswold, established the anatomic basis for clinical staging, while advances in imaging have incorporated functional tools such as 18F-FDG PET/CT , which has proven more accurate for assessing both Hodgkin and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The Cheson criteria introduced a combined anatomical, clinical, and metabolic evaluation, later refined in the Lugano classification (2014), which incorporated the Deauville 5-point scale to standardize metabolic response. In the context of immunomodulatory therapies, the LYRIC modification (2016) was developed to address phenomena such as pseudoprogression, and more recently, the RECIL classification (2017) simplified the anatomical parameters of Lugano, facilitating its application in clinical trials. The integration of morphological, metabolic, and molecular methods has allowed for a more objective and personalized assessment of lymphoma, improving diagnostic precision, therapeutic monitoring, and overall patient outcomes.
Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of hematological neoplasms derived from B, T, or NK lymphocytes, characterized by wide morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic diversity. Their development, or lymphomagenesis, involves molecular alterations that affect cellular proliferation and differentiation mechanisms. According to the WHO-ICC 2022 classification, lymphomas are divided into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, the latter being more prevalent. Diagnosis requires an integrated evaluation combining histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies. One of the most relevant aspects in lymphoma management is staging and treatment response assessment, which guide therapeutic decisions and prognosis. The Ann Arbor system, later modified by Cotswold, established the anatomic basis for clinical staging, while advances in imaging have incorporated functional tools such as 18F-FDG PET/CT , which has proven more accurate for assessing both Hodgkin and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The Cheson criteria introduced a combined anatomical, clinical, and metabolic evaluation, later refined in the Lugano classification (2014), which incorporated the Deauville 5-point scale to standardize metabolic response. In the context of immunomodulatory therapies, the LYRIC modification (2016) was developed to address phenomena such as pseudoprogression, and more recently, the RECIL classification (2017) simplified the anatomical parameters of Lugano, facilitating its application in clinical trials. The integration of morphological, metabolic, and molecular methods has allowed for a more objective and personalized assessment of lymphoma, improving diagnostic precision, therapeutic monitoring, and overall patient outcomes.
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Linfoma, Estadificación, Criterios de evaluación, Lugano