El rol de la metacognición pedagógica en la formación de docentes de ciencias naturales en la Universidad de Costa Rica
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Esta investigación analiza la aplicación de líneas teóricas centradas en la educación científica y en la justicia social para desarrollar conciencia crítica mediante procesos de metacognición pedagógica en el profesorado en formación inicial de la carrera de Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de Costa Rica. La problemática remite a las barreras en la incorporación de aspectos de justicia social en la educación científica, así como una representación pedagógica desconectada del mundo, lo que resulta en un desinterés por parte del estudiantado, especialmente en el que, por cuestiones de género, diversidad cultural o estrato social, percibe la ciencia como algo ajeno a su realidad. Por lo anterior se realizó una intervención educativa desde agosto de 2021 a julio de 2022 con 17 profesores y profesoras en formación; el estudio es longitudinal y cualitativo. Los datos se recolectaron por medio de cuestionarios, revisión de unidades didácticas, grupos focales y observaciones. Con la intervención educativa realizada, se observó que la exposición a las teorías de socioconstructivismo transformativo, la transculturalidad crítica y el enfoque educativo STEAM se mejoró la comprensión de aspectos socioculturales complejos, como la equidad de género, la diversidad cultural y el reconocimiento de las propias posicionalidades como personas docentes. Con ello se llega a promover la interdisciplinaridad desde una educación científica contextualizada que considera aspectos políticos, económicos, sociales y culturales desde una perspectiva de justicia social.
This research analyzes the application of theoretical lines focused on science education and social justice to develop critical awareness through pedagogical metacognition processes among pre-service teachers in the Natural Sciences Teaching program at the University of Costa Rica. The problem refers to the barriers in the incorporation of aspects of social justice in scientific education, as well as a pedagogical representation disconnected from the world, which results in a lack of interest on the part of students, especially those who, due to gender issues, cultural diversity or social stratum, perceive science as something alien to their reality.Therefore, an educational intervention was carried out from August 2021 to July 2022 with 17 pre-service teachers; the study is longitudinal and qualitative. Data was collected through questionnaires, review of teaching units, focus groups, and observations. Through the educational intervention, it was observed that exposure to the theories of transformative socioconstructivism, critical transculturalism, and the STEAM educational approach improved the understanding of complex sociocultural aspects, such as gender equity, cultural diversity, and the recognition of one's own as teachers. This promotes interdisciplinarity through contextualized scientific education that considers political, economic, social, and cultural aspects from a social justice perspective.
This research analyzes the application of theoretical lines focused on science education and social justice to develop critical awareness through pedagogical metacognition processes among pre-service teachers in the Natural Sciences Teaching program at the University of Costa Rica. The problem refers to the barriers in the incorporation of aspects of social justice in scientific education, as well as a pedagogical representation disconnected from the world, which results in a lack of interest on the part of students, especially those who, due to gender issues, cultural diversity or social stratum, perceive science as something alien to their reality.Therefore, an educational intervention was carried out from August 2021 to July 2022 with 17 pre-service teachers; the study is longitudinal and qualitative. Data was collected through questionnaires, review of teaching units, focus groups, and observations. Through the educational intervention, it was observed that exposure to the theories of transformative socioconstructivism, critical transculturalism, and the STEAM educational approach improved the understanding of complex sociocultural aspects, such as gender equity, cultural diversity, and the recognition of one's own as teachers. This promotes interdisciplinarity through contextualized scientific education that considers political, economic, social, and cultural aspects from a social justice perspective.
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metacognición pedagógica, justicia social, ciencia contextualizada, pedagogical metacognition, social justice, contextualized science