Rol de la Microbiota Intestinal en la Función Cognitiva de los Adultos Mayores
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López Espinoza, Josué Alberto
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Abstract
La microbiota intestinal, una comunidad compleja de microorganismos que reside en el tracto gastrointestinal, ha emergido como un factor crucial en la salud humana, influyendo no solo en la digestión y el metabolismo, sino también en la función cognitiva. En los adultos mayores, el equilibrio de esta microbiota puede desempeñar un papel significativo en el mantenimiento de la salud cerebral y la prevención del deterioro cognitivo. Diversos estudios han demostrado que la microbiota intestinal se comunica con el cerebro a través del eje intestino-cerebro, un sistema bidireccional que incluye vías neurales, endocrinas e inmunológicas. Esta interacción puede afectar la neuroinflamación, la neurogénesis y la integridad de la barrera hematoencefálica, todos factores cruciales para la función cognitiva. El envejecimiento está asociado con cambios en la composición y diversidad de la microbiota intestinal. Estas alteraciones pueden resultar en un aumento de bacterias patógenas y una disminución de bacterias beneficiosas, lo que contribuye a un estado inflamatorio crónico de bajo grado, conocido como “inflammaging”. Esta inflamación sistémica puede afectar negativamente la función cognitiva y está vinculada con enfermedades neurodegenerativas como el Alzheimer o la enfermedad de Parkinson. Intervenciones dietéticas, prebióticas y probióticas han mostrado potencial para modular la microbiota intestinal y por ende mejorar la salud cognitiva en los adultos mayores.
The gut microbiota, a complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a crucial factor in human health, influencing not only digestion and metabolism, but also cognitive function. In older adults, the balance of this microbiota may play a significant role in maintaining brain health and preventing cognitive decline. Various studies have shown that the intestinal microbiota communicates with the brain through the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional system that includes neural, endocrine, and immunological pathways. This interaction can affect neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, and blood-brain barrier integrity, all crucial factors for cognitive function. Aging is associated with changes in the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota. These alterations can result in an increase in pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria, contributing to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, known as “inflammaging.” This systemic inflammation can negatively affect cognitive function and is linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Dietary, prebiotic, and probiotic interventions have shown potential to modulate the gut microbiota and thereby improve cognitive health in older adults.
The gut microbiota, a complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a crucial factor in human health, influencing not only digestion and metabolism, but also cognitive function. In older adults, the balance of this microbiota may play a significant role in maintaining brain health and preventing cognitive decline. Various studies have shown that the intestinal microbiota communicates with the brain through the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional system that includes neural, endocrine, and immunological pathways. This interaction can affect neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, and blood-brain barrier integrity, all crucial factors for cognitive function. Aging is associated with changes in the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota. These alterations can result in an increase in pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria, contributing to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, known as “inflammaging.” This systemic inflammation can negatively affect cognitive function and is linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Dietary, prebiotic, and probiotic interventions have shown potential to modulate the gut microbiota and thereby improve cognitive health in older adults.
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COGNICIÓN, MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL, ADULTO MAYOR, DEMENCIA, EJE INTESTINO CEREBRO, PROBIOTICOS