Análisis económico: un estudio de caso en Jatropha curcas L. mediante la metodología de presupuestos parciales
Fecha
2018-01
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Ávalos Cerdas, Juan Manuel
Villalobos Monge, Alexis
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Resumen
La metodología de presupuestos parciales es una forma de análisis económico importante porque considera que los costos varían entre diferentes tratamientos provenientes de ensayos agrícolas, sin tener que llegar de forma directa a la producción, hecho que no siempre sucede en experimentos de este tipo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar un análisis por medio de presupuestos parciales en una parcela experimental de Jatropha curcas. Se realizó una evaluación del efecto de cinco productos químicos contra Polyphagotarsonemus latus sobre plantas de J. curcas, estos productos son: hexitiazox (1 ml/l de agua), azufre (10 kg/ha), propargita (4 kg/ha), spiromesifen (0,5 l/ha) y abamectina (1,5 l/ha). Se realizaron dos aplicaciones de los productos, separadas por veintidós días. Luego de cada aplicación se evaluó la cantidad de ácaros (huevos, larvas y adultos) presentes en cada tratamiento. Se empleó la metodología de presupuestos parciales con un ajuste, como forma para determinar cuál era el mejor tratamiento, desde el punto de visto económico. El tratamiento con la mejor relación costo-beneficio fue la abamectina, con valores de TRM (tasa de retorno marginal) de 17,1%, 4,6% y 4,1%, para huevos, larvas y adultos, respectivamente; seguida del spiromesifen con TRM para huevos de 5%, larvas de 1,8% y adultos de 3,8%, y por último, el azufre. Ello indica que el producto con el menor costo no necesariamente fue el producto con los mejores resultados.
The methodology of partial budgets is an important form of economic analysis that contemplates that the costs between different agricultural trials differ without having to arrive directly to the production site, a fact that does not always happen on this type of experiments. The objective of the present work was to perform an analysis by means of partial budgets, in an experimental plot of Jatropha curcas. The experiment was carried out at the Fabio Baudrit Moreno Agricultural Experiment Station, La Garita, Alajuela, Costa Rica, between January and August,2014. An evaluation of the effect of five products against Polyphagotarsonemus latus on Jatropha curcas plants was performed, this products are: hexithiazox (1 ml/l of water), sulfur (10 kg/ha), propargite (4 kg/ha), spiromesifen (0.5 l/ha) and abamectin (1.5 l/ha). Two products applications were carried out, each application happened twenty-two days apart. After each application, the number of mites (eggs, larvae and adults) present on each treatment was evaluated. The methodology of partial budgets was used with an adjustment in order to determine which treatment from an economical point of view was the best. The results indicated that the treatment with the best cost-benefit ratio was abamectin with MRT values (marginal rate of return) of 17.1%, 4.6%, and 4.1%, for eggs, larvae and adults, respectively; followed by spiromesifen with a TRM for eggs of 5%, larvae of 1.8%, and adults of 3.8%, and finally sulfur; according to the TRM analysis. This indicates that the product with the lowest cost is not necessarily the product with the best results.
The methodology of partial budgets is an important form of economic analysis that contemplates that the costs between different agricultural trials differ without having to arrive directly to the production site, a fact that does not always happen on this type of experiments. The objective of the present work was to perform an analysis by means of partial budgets, in an experimental plot of Jatropha curcas. The experiment was carried out at the Fabio Baudrit Moreno Agricultural Experiment Station, La Garita, Alajuela, Costa Rica, between January and August,2014. An evaluation of the effect of five products against Polyphagotarsonemus latus on Jatropha curcas plants was performed, this products are: hexithiazox (1 ml/l of water), sulfur (10 kg/ha), propargite (4 kg/ha), spiromesifen (0.5 l/ha) and abamectin (1.5 l/ha). Two products applications were carried out, each application happened twenty-two days apart. After each application, the number of mites (eggs, larvae and adults) present on each treatment was evaluated. The methodology of partial budgets was used with an adjustment in order to determine which treatment from an economical point of view was the best. The results indicated that the treatment with the best cost-benefit ratio was abamectin with MRT values (marginal rate of return) of 17.1%, 4.6%, and 4.1%, for eggs, larvae and adults, respectively; followed by spiromesifen with a TRM for eggs of 5%, larvae of 1.8%, and adults of 3.8%, and finally sulfur; according to the TRM analysis. This indicates that the product with the lowest cost is not necessarily the product with the best results.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Análisis de costos y beneficios, Métodos de ensayo, Presupuesto agrícola, Toma de decisiones, Cost benefit analysis, Trial methods, Agricultural budgets, Decision making