Evaluación de dos métodos basados en condiciones meteorológicas para el combate químico de antracnosis (Colletotrichum gloesporioides Penz ) del mango (Mangifera indica) en Costa Rica
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Fecha
1992
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Hord, Melanie J.
Arauz Cavallini, Luis Felipe
Rodríguez, Walter
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Universidad de Costa Rica
Resumen
Se realizaron dos experimentos en las provincias de Alajuela y Guanacaste, Costa Rica a fin de evaluar dos métodos de combate químico de la antracnosis del mango con base en condiciones meteorológicas. Aplicaciones del fungicida erradicante prochloraz fueron programadas de acuerdo con un sistema desarrollado en Australia basado en temperatura y mojadura foliar, o con una modificación del método australiano que incluía la humedad relativa. Ambos métodos fueron comparados con un tratamiento estándar a base de benomil y mancozeb, y con un testigo sin fungicida. La aplicación preventiva de la mezcla benomil + mancozeb durante la floración y el desarrollo del fruto fue el tratamiento más eficaz (p ≤ 0,05) para el combate de la antracnosis en frutos producidos en época lluviosa, con más de un 80% de frutos exportables. El uso de los métodos basados en condiciones meteorológicas (Australiano y el modificado) resultó en un menor número de aplicaciones de fungicidas, pero en una mayor severidad de antracnosis (p ≤ 0,05) en comparación con el tratamiento estándar. No hubo diferencias significativas entre estos métodos y el testigo, con respecto al porcentaje de frutos exportables, el cual fue menor al 15%. En época seca fue innecesario hacer aplicaciones de fungicidas ya que más del 90% de la fruta fue de calidad exportable en todos los tratamientos, sin diferencias estadísticas entre ellos.
Field trials were conducted in the Alajuela and Guancaste provinces of Costa Rica to evaluate two weather-based spray programs for control of mango anthracnose. Applications of the eradicant fungicide prochloraz were scheduled according to a predictive model developed in Australia based on temperature and leaf wetness, or a modification of the Australian system that included relative humidity. The weather-based spray programs were compared to a standard chemical treatment of benomyl+mancozeb, and to an untreated control. Application of benomyl + mancozeb on a preventive schedule during flowering and fruit development was the most effective treatment (p≤0.05) for control of anthracnose in fruit produced under wet conditions, resulting in >80% exportable fruit. The weather-based spray programs resulted in fewer fungicide applications, but the percentage of exportable fruit produced in wet conditions was <15% and did not differ from the untreated control. Use of the weatherbased systems during dry conditions resulted in unnecessary fungicide applications; more than 90% of the fruit were of export quality with no significant differences among treatments.
Field trials were conducted in the Alajuela and Guancaste provinces of Costa Rica to evaluate two weather-based spray programs for control of mango anthracnose. Applications of the eradicant fungicide prochloraz were scheduled according to a predictive model developed in Australia based on temperature and leaf wetness, or a modification of the Australian system that included relative humidity. The weather-based spray programs were compared to a standard chemical treatment of benomyl+mancozeb, and to an untreated control. Application of benomyl + mancozeb on a preventive schedule during flowering and fruit development was the most effective treatment (p≤0.05) for control of anthracnose in fruit produced under wet conditions, resulting in >80% exportable fruit. The weather-based spray programs resulted in fewer fungicide applications, but the percentage of exportable fruit produced in wet conditions was <15% and did not differ from the untreated control. Use of the weatherbased systems during dry conditions resulted in unnecessary fungicide applications; more than 90% of the fruit were of export quality with no significant differences among treatments.