Perfil clínico y epidemiológico de pacientes con Pie diabético hospitalizados en Hospital Calderón Guardia entre abril 2024 y abril 2025
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El pie diabético es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes y graves de la diabetes mellitus, sien- do una causa importante de morbilidad, amputaciones no traumáticas y hospitalización prolongada. En Costa Rica, su impacto en los servicios hospitalarios es significativo, sin embargo existe escasa información local actualizada que caracterice el perfil clínico y el epidemiológico de estos pacientes. Según lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio es describir el perfil clínico y el epidemiológico de los pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de pie diabético en el Hospital Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia (HCG) durante el período de abril 2024 a abril 2025. Por lo tanto, se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. En este fueron incluidos 119 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de pie diabético hospitalizados en el HCG entre abril 2024 y abril 2025. Así mismo, la información fue recolectada de expedientes clínicos mediante revisión de registros en el sistema digital EDUS. A su vez, las variables incluyeron datos sociodemográficos, comorbilidades, características clínicas de la úlcera (según la clasificación de severidad de infección IGDWF/IDSA 2023), tratamiento recibido, necesidad de amputación , desenlaces clínicos y apego a guías locales. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 63 años, predominando el sexo masculino (78.5 %). Las principales comorbilidades fueron hipertensión arterial (72.9 %), enfermedad renal crónica (20 %) y obesidad (IMC promedio 30.1 kg/m²). La HbA1c media fue de 9.1 %). Según las guías IGDWF/IDSA 2023, el 63.5 % de las infecciones fueron calificadas como moderadas y el 36.4 % como severas. Los principales agentes microbiológicos identificados fueron Enterococcus faecalis (19.0 %), Proteus mirabilis (10.7 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.5 %) y Escherichia coli (8.3 %). Un 60.34 % de las infecciones fueron monomicrobianas y un 39.65 % infecciones polimicrobianas. La combinación antibiótica empírica más utilizada fue vancomicina con piperacilina/tazobactam, con un apego a las guías locales del 62.6 %. Conclusiones: El perfil de los pacientes con pie diabético hospitalizados en el HCG evidencia un predominio masculino con múltiples comorbilidades cardiovasculares y pobre control metabólico. Por lo tanto, las infecciones son en su mayoría moderadas a severas, con flora polimicrobiana y alta proporción de bacilos Gram-negativos. Por otra parte, el uso empírico de antibióticos refleja un cumplimiento parcial de las guías locales. Además, se evidencia la necesidad por fortalecer la vigilancia microbiológica, la educación preventiva y la adherencia terapéutica a guías. Estos resultados proveen información clave para la actualización de protocolos clínicos y políticas de salud enfocadas en la reducción de amputaciones y complicaciones del pie diabético en la zona de atracción del Hospital Calderón Guardia.
Diabetic foot is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus, being a major cause of morbidity, non-traumatic amputations, and prolonged hospitalization. In Costa Rica, its impact on hospital services is significant; however, there is little updated local information characterizing the clinical and epidemiological profile of these patients. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of diabetic foot at the Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia Hospital (HCG) during the period from April 2024 to April 2025. An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted. It included 119 adult patients with a diagnosis of diabetic foot hospitalized at the HCG between April 2024 and April 2025. The information was collected from clinical records through a record review in the EDUS digital system. Variables will include sociodemographic data, comorbidities, clinical characteristics of the ulcer (according to the IDSA infection severity classification), treatment received, need for amputation, and clinical outcomes. Results: The mean age was 63 years, with a predominance of male patients (78.5 %). The main comorbidities were hypertension (72.9 %), chronic kidney disease (20 %), and obesity (mean BMI 30.1 kg/m²). The mean HbA1c was 9.1 %. According to the IGDWF/IDSA 2023 guidelines, 63.5 % of infections were classified as moderate and 36.4 % as severe. The most frequently isolated microbiological agents were Enterococcus faecalis (19.0 %), Proteus mirabilis (10.7 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.5 %), and Escherichia coli (8.3 %). A total of 60.34 % of infections were monomicrobial and 39.65 % polymicrobial. The most frequently used empirical antibiotic regimen was vancomycin plus piperacillin/tazobactam, with 62.6% adherence to local treatment guidelines. Conclusions: The clinical profile of patients hospitalized for diabetic foot at HCG shows a predominance of males with multiple cardiovascular comorbidities and poor metabolic control. Most infections were moderate to severe, with polymicrobial flora and a high proportion of Gram-negative bacilli. Empirical antibiotic use demonstrated partial adherence to local guidelines. These findings emphasize the need to strengthen microbiological surveillance, preventive education, and therapeutic guideline compliance. This study provides essential data to support the updating of clinical protocols and health policies aimed at reducing amputations and complications associated with diabetic foot in the catchment area of Hospital Calderón Guardia.
Diabetic foot is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus, being a major cause of morbidity, non-traumatic amputations, and prolonged hospitalization. In Costa Rica, its impact on hospital services is significant; however, there is little updated local information characterizing the clinical and epidemiological profile of these patients. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of diabetic foot at the Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia Hospital (HCG) during the period from April 2024 to April 2025. An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted. It included 119 adult patients with a diagnosis of diabetic foot hospitalized at the HCG between April 2024 and April 2025. The information was collected from clinical records through a record review in the EDUS digital system. Variables will include sociodemographic data, comorbidities, clinical characteristics of the ulcer (according to the IDSA infection severity classification), treatment received, need for amputation, and clinical outcomes. Results: The mean age was 63 years, with a predominance of male patients (78.5 %). The main comorbidities were hypertension (72.9 %), chronic kidney disease (20 %), and obesity (mean BMI 30.1 kg/m²). The mean HbA1c was 9.1 %. According to the IGDWF/IDSA 2023 guidelines, 63.5 % of infections were classified as moderate and 36.4 % as severe. The most frequently isolated microbiological agents were Enterococcus faecalis (19.0 %), Proteus mirabilis (10.7 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.5 %), and Escherichia coli (8.3 %). A total of 60.34 % of infections were monomicrobial and 39.65 % polymicrobial. The most frequently used empirical antibiotic regimen was vancomycin plus piperacillin/tazobactam, with 62.6% adherence to local treatment guidelines. Conclusions: The clinical profile of patients hospitalized for diabetic foot at HCG shows a predominance of males with multiple cardiovascular comorbidities and poor metabolic control. Most infections were moderate to severe, with polymicrobial flora and a high proportion of Gram-negative bacilli. Empirical antibiotic use demonstrated partial adherence to local guidelines. These findings emphasize the need to strengthen microbiological surveillance, preventive education, and therapeutic guideline compliance. This study provides essential data to support the updating of clinical protocols and health policies aimed at reducing amputations and complications associated with diabetic foot in the catchment area of Hospital Calderón Guardia.
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pie diabético, epidemiología, hospitalización, perfil clínico, factores de riesgo, Costa Rica, diabetic foot, epidemiology, hospitalization, clinical profile, risk factors
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