Concentraciones séricas de vitamina D en pacientes con pérdida gestacional recurrente atendidas en el Hospital de las Mujeres Dr. Adolfo Carit Eva en el periodo del 1 de enero de 2019 al 28 de febrero del 2023
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Camacho Solís, Ana Elena
Peña Miranda, Mariana
Sequeira Calderón, Daniela
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Abstract
La pérdida gestacional recurrente (PGR), descrita en la literatura como la pérdida consecutiva de 2 o más embarazos menores a 24 semanas con la misma pareja, afecta aproximadamente al 1-2% de las mujeres en edad reproductiva.
En Costa Rica, según datos publicados en 2020, se registraron 4198 abortos en la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS), representando un 7% del total de gestas registradas durante ese año. Sin embargo, a nivel institucional de la CCSS, no se cuenta con estadísticas oficiales que documenten la incidencia del diagnóstico de pérdida gestacional recurrente en nuestro país.
Se han asociado numerosos factores con la PGR, pero hasta en el 50% de estas mujeres no se logra identificar la causa. Se ha propuesto una relación entre la PGR y la deficiencia e insuficiencia de vitamina D, definidas como concentraciones séricas de 25-hidroxivitamina D menores a 20 ng/mL y concentraciones entre 21 y 29 ng/mL, respectivamente.
Con este estudio se pretende documentar tanto la incidencia de PGR como la incidencia de concentraciones subóptimos de vitamina D en las mujeres con dicho diagnóstico, así como realizar categorización de las mismas según edad, índice de masa corporal y número de abortos. Se revisaron un total de 348 expedientes de mujeres con diagnóstico de PGR, los cuales fueron brindados por el Servicio de Estadística del Hospital de las Mujeres Dr. Adolfo Carit Eva. Se seleccionó a las usuarias que contaban con medición sérica de 25-hidroxivitamina D, se les aplicaron criterios de exclusión, y se obtuvo una muestra de 65 pacientes.
En mujeres con diagnóstico de PGR, se identificó una incidencia de deficiencia e insuficiencia de vitamina D de 27,7% y 43,1%, respectivamente. Con respecto a la edad de las usuarias, se observó que en el grupo de deficiencia de vitamina D, el 44,4% de las pacientes tenían una edad de 35 años o más, y que en los grupos de insuficiencia de vitamina D, el 50% estaban en el rango de 30-34 años. Adicionalmente, se documentó que la deficiencia e insuficiencia de vitamina D se presentaban con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con sobrepeso y peso adecuado, respectivamente. Por último, en las mujeres con concentraciones séricos en rangos de deficiencia o insuficiencia, la mayoría presentaba dos abortos previos, siendo un 72,2% y un 60,7% de las usuarias, respectivamente.
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as the consecutive loss of 2 or more pregnancies with the same partner before 24 weeks, affects approximately 1-2% of women of reproductive age. In Costa Rica, according to data published in 2020, 4198 abortions were recorded in the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), representing 7% of all registered pregnancies during that year. However, at the institutional level of the CCSS, there are no official statistics documenting the incidence of recurrent pregnancy loss in our country. Numerous factors have been associated with RPL, but in up to 50% of these women, the cause cannot be identified. A relationship between RPL and vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency has been proposed, defined as serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D below 20 ng/mL and levels between 21 and 29 ng/mL, respectively. This study aims to document both the incidence of RPL and the incidence of suboptimal levels of vitamin D in women with this diagnosis, as well as to categorize them according to age, body mass index, and number of abortions. A total of 348 records of women diagnosed with RPL were reviewed, provided by the Statistics Service of the Women's Hospital Dr. Adolfo Carit Eva. The patients who had serum measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were selected, exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a sample of 65 patients. In women diagnosed with RPL, an incidence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency of 27.7% and 43.1%, respectively, was identified. Regarding the age of the users, it was observed that in the vitamin D deficiency group, 44.4% of the patients were aged 35 years or older, and in the vitamin D insufficiency groups, 50% were in the 30-34 year range. Additionally, it was documented that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency occurred more frequently in overweight and normal weight patients, respectively. Finally, in women with serum levels in deficiency or insufficiency ranges, the majority had two previous abortions, with 72.2% and 60.7% of users, respectively.
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as the consecutive loss of 2 or more pregnancies with the same partner before 24 weeks, affects approximately 1-2% of women of reproductive age. In Costa Rica, according to data published in 2020, 4198 abortions were recorded in the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), representing 7% of all registered pregnancies during that year. However, at the institutional level of the CCSS, there are no official statistics documenting the incidence of recurrent pregnancy loss in our country. Numerous factors have been associated with RPL, but in up to 50% of these women, the cause cannot be identified. A relationship between RPL and vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency has been proposed, defined as serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D below 20 ng/mL and levels between 21 and 29 ng/mL, respectively. This study aims to document both the incidence of RPL and the incidence of suboptimal levels of vitamin D in women with this diagnosis, as well as to categorize them according to age, body mass index, and number of abortions. A total of 348 records of women diagnosed with RPL were reviewed, provided by the Statistics Service of the Women's Hospital Dr. Adolfo Carit Eva. The patients who had serum measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were selected, exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a sample of 65 patients. In women diagnosed with RPL, an incidence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency of 27.7% and 43.1%, respectively, was identified. Regarding the age of the users, it was observed that in the vitamin D deficiency group, 44.4% of the patients were aged 35 years or older, and in the vitamin D insufficiency groups, 50% were in the 30-34 year range. Additionally, it was documented that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency occurred more frequently in overweight and normal weight patients, respectively. Finally, in women with serum levels in deficiency or insufficiency ranges, the majority had two previous abortions, with 72.2% and 60.7% of users, respectively.
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Keywords
CIENCIAS MÉDICAS, PACIENTE, MUJER, EMBARAZO, MEDICINA PREVENTIVA, TRATAMIENTO MÉDICO