Uso de medicamentos por parte de personas mayores durante 2018-2019 en Goicoechea, Costa Rica
Fecha
2021
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Segura Cano, Sofía Elena
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Resumen
Objetivo: Este estudio determinó el uso de medicamentos por parte de la población mayor que asiste a grupos organizados en Goicoechea, Costa Rica, durante 2018-2019.
Método: Estudio observacional, trasversal y descriptivo sobre el uso de medicamentos en la población mayor de 65 años. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: tener 65 años o más, ser residente del cantón de Goicoechea y estar consumiendo al menos un medicamento al momento de la entrevista. El periodo de estudio comprendió del 01 de enero de 2018 al 31 de diciembre de 2019.
Resultados: Se realizaron 254 entrevistas a personas de 16 grupos organizados, la mayoría fueron mujeres. En promedio, reportaron 3,6 enfermedades crónicas por persona. El 61,4% de las personas participantes estaban polimedicadas. Para el 38,1% se reportó adherencia al tratamiento, según test de Morisky-Green. El 34% reportó haberse automedicado en las dos semanas previas a la entrevista.
Discusión: Existen diversos factores que influyen en el uso de medicamentos por parte de la población mayor. Se evidenció la presencia de pluripatologías, polifarmacia y falta de adherencia terapéutica. Además de automedicación en un tercio de los participantes. No se encontraron diferencias actitudinales sobre el uso de medicamentos entre la población de estudio y los datos reportados previamente para la población mayor de Costa Rica.
Conclusiones: El porcentaje de personas mayores con pluripatologías, polifarmacia y que se automedica es alto. Por esto, es necesario definir estrategias para el autocuidado, considerando la adherencia terapéutica y la automedicación responsable. De esta manera, estas intervenciones pueden contribuir con la promoción de un envejecimiento saludable.
Aim of study: This study determined the use of medications by the elderly population that attends organized groups in Goicoechea, Costa Rica, during 2018-2019. Method: Observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study on the use of medications by adults over 65 years of age. The inclusion criteria were being 65 years of age or older, being a resident of Goicoechea and consuming at least one medication at the time of the interview. The study period ran from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. Results: 254 interviews were conducted with people from 16 organized groups, the majority were women. On average, they reported 3.6 chronic diseases per person. 61.4% of the participants were polymedicated. Regarding therapeutic adherence, 38.1% reported adherence to treatment. 34% reported having self-medicated in the two weeks prior to the interview. Discussion: There are several factors that influence the use of medicines by the elderly population. The presence of multiple pathologies, polypharmacy and lack of therapeutic adherence was evidenced. In addition to self-medication in a third of the participants. No attitudinal differences were found on the use of medications between the study population and the data previously reported for Costa Rican elderly population. Conclusions: The percentage of elderly people with multiple pathologies, polypharmacy and who resort to self-medication is high. For this reason, it is necessary to define strategies for self-care, considering therapeutic adherence and responsible self-medication. In this way, these interventions can contribute to promote healthy aging.
Aim of study: This study determined the use of medications by the elderly population that attends organized groups in Goicoechea, Costa Rica, during 2018-2019. Method: Observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study on the use of medications by adults over 65 years of age. The inclusion criteria were being 65 years of age or older, being a resident of Goicoechea and consuming at least one medication at the time of the interview. The study period ran from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. Results: 254 interviews were conducted with people from 16 organized groups, the majority were women. On average, they reported 3.6 chronic diseases per person. 61.4% of the participants were polymedicated. Regarding therapeutic adherence, 38.1% reported adherence to treatment. 34% reported having self-medicated in the two weeks prior to the interview. Discussion: There are several factors that influence the use of medicines by the elderly population. The presence of multiple pathologies, polypharmacy and lack of therapeutic adherence was evidenced. In addition to self-medication in a third of the participants. No attitudinal differences were found on the use of medications between the study population and the data previously reported for Costa Rican elderly population. Conclusions: The percentage of elderly people with multiple pathologies, polypharmacy and who resort to self-medication is high. For this reason, it is necessary to define strategies for self-care, considering therapeutic adherence and responsible self-medication. In this way, these interventions can contribute to promote healthy aging.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Anciano, Anciano de 80 o más años, Polifarmacia, Automedicación, Cumplimiento y adherencia al tratamiento, Aged, Aged 80 and over, Polypharmacy, Self medication, Treatment adherence and compliance