Elementos de borde en muros de edificios con sistema estructural mixto con losa plana tipo cajón
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Se presenta un procedimiento para verificar la necesidad de confinamiento y los requisitos de detallado en bordes de muros delgados de concreto ligeramente reforzados. Estos muros son característicos de edificios conformados por losas planas y muros portantes con sistema constructivo tipo cajón, de amplio uso en la construcción residencial.
Se proponen modelos predictivos para determinar la capacidad de deriva global y la ductilidad alcanzada por muros delgados regidos por flexión según la condición de confinamiento en bordes, validados mediante resultados de campañas experimentales afines. A través de un modelo de plasticidad concentrada en la base se logra una adecuada estimación de los resultados experimentales, siendo necesario aplicar factores de ajuste asociados a la capacidad de agrietamiento y al efecto de esbeltez de la sección transversal del muro.
Mediante la caracterización de sistemas tipo cajón según los resultados de estudios afines y la elaboración de modelos analíticos, se logra una estimación razonable del periodo de vibración, la demanda de deriva y la demanda de ductilidad del sistema, y se verifica la sobrerresistencia alcanzada. Para asegurar un nivel mínimo de deformación lateral en edificaciones rígidas, se propone el uso de una deriva global mínima en función del número de niveles. Para el control del nivel de carga axial y de la ductilidad asociada se proponen límites para la densidad de muros.
Se plantea un enfoque por desplazamientos para verificar la necesidad de confinamiento en bordes de muros en sistemas con ductilidad limitada, incluyendo enfoques alternativos aptos para edificaciones con respuesta elástica. En la determinación de la cuantía de acero transversal se utiliza un modelo de confinamiento para el control de la falla por aplastamiento en bordes de muros, ajustado a demandas moderadas de ductilidad. Se incluyen esquemas de detallado para configuraciones típicas de elementos de borde en muros.
A procedure is presented to verify the need for confinement and detailing requirements at the boundary elements of thin lightly reinforced concrete walls. These walls are characteristic of buildings consisting of flat slabs and load-bearing walls with a box-type construction system, which are widely used in residential construction. Predictive models are proposed to determine the global drift capacity and ductility achieved by thin walls governed by flexure, based on the boundary elements confinement condition, validated through results from relevant experimental campaigns. Using a plastic hinge model allows for an adequate estimation of experimental results, requiring adjustment factors associated with cracking capacity and the effect of the wall’s cross-sectional slenderness. Through the characterization of MLP box-type systems based on related research results and the development of analytical models, a reasonable estimation of the vibration period, drift demand, and ductility demand of the system is achieved, verifying the associated overstrength. To ensure a minimum level of lateral deformation in rigid buildings, a minimum lateral drift demand is proposed based on the number of stories. To control the axial load level and associated ductility, limits on wall density are proposed. A displacement-based approach is implemented to verify the need for wall boundary elements confinement in limited-ductility systems, including alternative approaches more suitable for buildings with elastic response. To determine the volumetric ratio of the transversal reinforcement at boundary elements, a confinement model is used to control crushing failure due to compression at walls edges, adjusted to moderate ductility demands. Detailing schemes for typical wall boundary element configurations are included.
A procedure is presented to verify the need for confinement and detailing requirements at the boundary elements of thin lightly reinforced concrete walls. These walls are characteristic of buildings consisting of flat slabs and load-bearing walls with a box-type construction system, which are widely used in residential construction. Predictive models are proposed to determine the global drift capacity and ductility achieved by thin walls governed by flexure, based on the boundary elements confinement condition, validated through results from relevant experimental campaigns. Using a plastic hinge model allows for an adequate estimation of experimental results, requiring adjustment factors associated with cracking capacity and the effect of the wall’s cross-sectional slenderness. Through the characterization of MLP box-type systems based on related research results and the development of analytical models, a reasonable estimation of the vibration period, drift demand, and ductility demand of the system is achieved, verifying the associated overstrength. To ensure a minimum level of lateral deformation in rigid buildings, a minimum lateral drift demand is proposed based on the number of stories. To control the axial load level and associated ductility, limits on wall density are proposed. A displacement-based approach is implemented to verify the need for wall boundary elements confinement in limited-ductility systems, including alternative approaches more suitable for buildings with elastic response. To determine the volumetric ratio of the transversal reinforcement at boundary elements, a confinement model is used to control crushing failure due to compression at walls edges, adjusted to moderate ductility demands. Detailing schemes for typical wall boundary element configurations are included.
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Construcción de edificios, Estructuras de hormigón, Muros estructurales, Ingeniería sísmica, Resistencia de materiales, Comportamiento estructural, Ductilidad
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