Caracterización del estilo de hacer política a partir del análisis de los discursos del Presidente Rodrigo Chaves Robles durante la primera mitad de su mandato presidencial (2022-2024)
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Esta tesis examina el estilo de gestión del presidente Rodrigo Chaves Robles (2022–2024) mediante el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD). Se sostiene que Chaves no es propiamente un político populista, sino un líder neoliberal con tendencias autoritarias que recurre estratégicamente a un discurso populista. El populismo se aborda no como una desviación de la democracia, sino como síntoma de una contradicción estructural de la democracia liberal: la tensión irresoluble entre derechos individuales y económicos frente a derechos colectivo, intensificada por la articulación entre democracia liberal y neoliberalismo.
El estudio contextualiza el ascenso de Chaves en la crisis económica de 1980, que inició la transformación de Costa Rica hacia un-Estado neoliberal. Este proceso ha generado exclusión, desigualdad, violencia y desafección con el sistema democrático, favoreciendo subjetividades proclives al autoritarismo y reforzando tendencias conservadoras.
A partir de 22 discursos públicos, se muestra cómo Chaves construye su imagen de “outsider” y “humilde servidor” movido por la indignación, presentándose como un “hombre de acción” elegido para “dar órdenes”. Su retórica establece un antagonismo entre “el pueblo” y las élites políticas, empresariales y mediáticas, legitimando políticas neoliberales como la austeridad fiscal y la disciplina técnica.
La conclusión define su estilo como un neoliberalismo tecnocrático y personalista que canaliza el malestar social mediante un discurso populista, reflejando las tensiones no resueltas de la democracia liberal costarricense.
This thesis examines the management style of President Rodrigo Chaves Robles (2022 2024) through Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). It argues that Chaves is not strictly a populist politician but rather a neoliberal leader with authoritarian tendencies who strategically employs populist rhetoric. Populism is approached not as a deviation from democracy but as a symptom of a deeper contradiction within liberal democracy: the irreconcilable tension between individual and economic rights and collective rights, intensified by the fusion of liberal democracy with neoliberalism. The study contextualizes Chaves’s rise by tracing Costa Rica’s trajectory since the 1980 economic crisis, which initiated the country’s gradual shift toward neoliberalism. This transformation has produced exclusion, inequality, violence, and disaffection with democratic institutions, fostering authoritarian subjectivities and reinforcing conservative tendencies. Based on 22 public speeches, the analysis shows how Chaves constructs his image as an “outsider” and “humble servant” motivated by indignation, portraying himself as a “man of action” elected to “give orders.” His discourse builds a dichotomy between “the people”— the disadvantaged sectors—and the “non-people,” represented by political, journalistic, and business elites. While invoking populist symbols, Chaves legitimizes neoliberal policies such as fiscal austerity and technical discipline, reinforcing the myth of the “self-made man.” The conclusion defines Chaves’s style as technocratic and personalist neoliberalism that channels social discontent through populist discourse, reflecting unresolved tensions in Costa Rica’s liberal democracy.
This thesis examines the management style of President Rodrigo Chaves Robles (2022 2024) through Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). It argues that Chaves is not strictly a populist politician but rather a neoliberal leader with authoritarian tendencies who strategically employs populist rhetoric. Populism is approached not as a deviation from democracy but as a symptom of a deeper contradiction within liberal democracy: the irreconcilable tension between individual and economic rights and collective rights, intensified by the fusion of liberal democracy with neoliberalism. The study contextualizes Chaves’s rise by tracing Costa Rica’s trajectory since the 1980 economic crisis, which initiated the country’s gradual shift toward neoliberalism. This transformation has produced exclusion, inequality, violence, and disaffection with democratic institutions, fostering authoritarian subjectivities and reinforcing conservative tendencies. Based on 22 public speeches, the analysis shows how Chaves constructs his image as an “outsider” and “humble servant” motivated by indignation, portraying himself as a “man of action” elected to “give orders.” His discourse builds a dichotomy between “the people”— the disadvantaged sectors—and the “non-people,” represented by political, journalistic, and business elites. While invoking populist symbols, Chaves legitimizes neoliberal policies such as fiscal austerity and technical discipline, reinforcing the myth of the “self-made man.” The conclusion defines Chaves’s style as technocratic and personalist neoliberalism that channels social discontent through populist discourse, reflecting unresolved tensions in Costa Rica’s liberal democracy.
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Populismo, Democracia, Rodrigo Chaves Robles, Discurso, Análisis de Discurso
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