Modelado hidrodinámico de la cuenca alta del Río Humo, con estimación del caudal adecuado para abastecimiento poblacional
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Las condiciones de disponibilidad del recurso hídrico pueden ser un motor o un obstáculo para el desarrollo de actividades económicas. Las comunidades rurales que habitan en el Cerro de la Muerte, a más de 2000 m s.n.m, tienen dificultades para encontrar fuentes de agua con suficiente caudal durante todo el año. La escasez del servicio de agua potable limita el aprovechamiento de los terrenos, para desarrollo de actividades económicas y vivienda.
Se presenta una alternativa para la estimación del caudal que podría ser concesionado por la ASADA de Cañón del Guarco en el cauce del río Humo, con el propósito de satisfacer la demanda poblacional, tomando en cuenta las condiciones de protección del régimen del Parque Nacional los Quetzales. Según los resultados de análisis fisicoquímicos, microbiológicos y la categorización del sitio según la legislación, el agua es adecuada para consumo humano, si se aplica desinfección. Aplicando el modelado GR4J a partir de precipitación diaria de CHIRPS, temperatura de ERA5 y caudal observado por medio de aforo químico se obtuvo criterios de eficiencia de KGE 0.8.
Al estimar el caudal total anual y restarle el caudal ambiental con los percentiles 90 y 95 del método de curva de duración de caudales, la captación del Río Humo puede satisfacer la demanda de la comunidad proyectada a 25 años en época lluviosa de mayo a enero, durante los meses secos de febrero, marzo y abril es necesario que se diseñen alternativas de captación y almacenamiento de agua adicionales.
The conditions of water resource availability can serve either as a driver or as an obstacle to the development of economic activities. Rural communities inhabiting the Cerro de la Muerte, at over 2000 m a.s.l., face difficulties in finding water sources with sufficient flow throughout the year. The scarcity of potable water service limits land use for economic activities and housing development. This study presents a framework for estimating the flow that could be granted under concession to the ASADA de Cañón del Guarco from the Río Humo channel, with the purpose of meeting population demand while considering the protection regime of Parque Nacional Los Quetzales. According to the results of physicochemical and microbiological analyses, and the site classification based on current legislation, the water is suitable for human consumption if disinfection is applied. Using the GR4J model with daily precipitation from CHIRPS, temperature from ERA5, and observed flow through chemical gauging, a KGE efficiency criterion of 0.8 was obtained. By estimating the total annual flow and subtracting the environmental flow using the 90th and 95th percentiles of the flow duration curve method, it was determined that water intake from the Río Humo can meet the projected 25-year demand of the community during the rainy season from May to January. However, in the dry months of February, March, and April, additional water intake and storage alternatives must be designed.
The conditions of water resource availability can serve either as a driver or as an obstacle to the development of economic activities. Rural communities inhabiting the Cerro de la Muerte, at over 2000 m a.s.l., face difficulties in finding water sources with sufficient flow throughout the year. The scarcity of potable water service limits land use for economic activities and housing development. This study presents a framework for estimating the flow that could be granted under concession to the ASADA de Cañón del Guarco from the Río Humo channel, with the purpose of meeting population demand while considering the protection regime of Parque Nacional Los Quetzales. According to the results of physicochemical and microbiological analyses, and the site classification based on current legislation, the water is suitable for human consumption if disinfection is applied. Using the GR4J model with daily precipitation from CHIRPS, temperature from ERA5, and observed flow through chemical gauging, a KGE efficiency criterion of 0.8 was obtained. By estimating the total annual flow and subtracting the environmental flow using the 90th and 95th percentiles of the flow duration curve method, it was determined that water intake from the Río Humo can meet the projected 25-year demand of the community during the rainy season from May to January. However, in the dry months of February, March, and April, additional water intake and storage alternatives must be designed.
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Recursos hídricos, Agua potable, Gestión de los recursos hídricos, Desarrollo rural, Calidad del agua
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