Campañas y gobiernos: Un análisis de la construcción discursiva sobre la seguridad ciudadana en contexto electoral e institucional del 2014 al 2022 en Costa Rica
Fecha
2024
Tipo
tesis de maestría
Autores
Brade Badilla, Fiorella de los Ángeles
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Resumen
Hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XIX la seguridad ciudadana se conocía paralelamente a la seguridad nacional, es decir, se entendía en términos de la defensa nacional ante escenarios internacionales en los que la figura del Estado (territorialmente) corriera peligro. Sin embargo, con el avance de los procesos de globalización, y en una región con efectos tan significativos como Latinoamérica, la seguridad ciudadana se construye como concepto y como una responsabilidad más para solventar por el Estado.
Con la conceptualización de esta necesidad de seguridad se identifica, paralelamente, una exigencia de protección de los y las ciudadanas ante cierto tipo de “amenazas”. Esta necesidad de protección de las personas que es exigida al Estado alimenta ciertas concepciones populares alrededor de la violencia, lo que al mismo tiempo construye la opinión pública.
Desde el inicio de la segunda administración Arias Sánchez se empezaron a generar más significativamente algunas discusiones alrededor de cómo abordar la inseguridad que estaba afectando en mayor medida al país principalmente generando un aumento de cifras relacionadas al delito y la violencia.
Después de una importante cantidad de décadas liderado por el bipartidismo, en el 2014 Costa Rica decide colocar al Partido Acción Ciudadana (PAC) en el poder y este logra mantenerse por un mandato más hasta el 2022. Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera y Carlos Alvarado Quesada, ambos de un mismo partido político, tuvieron participaciones en sus campañas electorales respectivas y generaron políticas públicas específicas para abordar la seguridad ciudadana en el país.
¿Fueron coincidentes ambos discursos? ¿La propuesta electoral se tradujo en las acciones de política pública? ¿Cuáles fueron las similitudes entre las propuestas discursivas de ambos periodos siendo un mismo partido político? ¿Existieron? Esta investigación propone dar respuesta a estos cuestionamientos.
Until the second half of the 19th century, citizen security was known in parallel to national security, this means that it was understood in terms of national defense against international scenarios in which the figure of the State (territorially) was at risk. However, with the advance of globalization processes, and in a region with such significant effects as Latin America, citizen security is constructed as a concept and as one more responsibility to be solved by the State. With the conceptualization of this need for security, another demand for the protection of citizens from certain types of "threats" is identified. This need for protection of the people demanded from the State feeds certain popular conceptions about violence, which at the same time builds public opinion. Since the beginning of the Arias Sanchez administration, some discussions began to be generated more significantly around how to address the insecurity that was affecting the country to a greater extent, mainly generating an increase in numbers related to crime and violence. After a significant number of decades led by the two-party system, in 2014 Costa Rica decided to place the Partido Acción Ciudadana (PAC) in power and it managed to stay in power for one more term until 2022. Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera and Carlos Alvarado Quesada, both from the same political party, participated in their respective electoral campaigns and generated specific public policies to address citizen security in the country. Did both discourses coincide, and did the electoral proposal translate into public policy actions? What were the similarities between the discursive proposals of both periods being the same political party? Did they exist? This research proposes to answer these questions.
Until the second half of the 19th century, citizen security was known in parallel to national security, this means that it was understood in terms of national defense against international scenarios in which the figure of the State (territorially) was at risk. However, with the advance of globalization processes, and in a region with such significant effects as Latin America, citizen security is constructed as a concept and as one more responsibility to be solved by the State. With the conceptualization of this need for security, another demand for the protection of citizens from certain types of "threats" is identified. This need for protection of the people demanded from the State feeds certain popular conceptions about violence, which at the same time builds public opinion. Since the beginning of the Arias Sanchez administration, some discussions began to be generated more significantly around how to address the insecurity that was affecting the country to a greater extent, mainly generating an increase in numbers related to crime and violence. After a significant number of decades led by the two-party system, in 2014 Costa Rica decided to place the Partido Acción Ciudadana (PAC) in power and it managed to stay in power for one more term until 2022. Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera and Carlos Alvarado Quesada, both from the same political party, participated in their respective electoral campaigns and generated specific public policies to address citizen security in the country. Did both discourses coincide, and did the electoral proposal translate into public policy actions? What were the similarities between the discursive proposals of both periods being the same political party? Did they exist? This research proposes to answer these questions.
Descripción
Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, GOBIERNO, CAMPAÑA POLÍTICA, DISCURSO, CIENCIA POLÍTICA, COSTA RICA, ELECCIONES