Micronutrientes y enfermedades crónicas: ¿hacia donde apunta la evidencia científica?
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Gómez Salas, Georgina
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Los estudios observacionales han demostrado, de manera consistente, una asociación positiva entre el consumo de dietas ricas en frutas y vegetales, y un menor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, cáncer, enfermedad cerebrovascular y otras enfermedades crónicas. El consumo de suplementos de vitaminas antioxidantes ha ido en aumento, bajo la premisa de que estos podrían ayudar a prevenir o curar enfermedades crónicas. Sin embargo, a pesar de la gran cantidad de investigaciones que se han realizado en este campo, no se ha logrado esclarecer realmente el papel que la suplementación con estos micronutrientes pueda estar ejerciendo en la patología de esas enfermedades. El Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Estados Unidos establece, que no existe, su ciente evidencia cientí ca para promover o desestimular, el uso de suplementos multivitamínicos para la prevención de las enfermedades crónicas. Los datos emergentes cuestionan los bene cios reales que los suplementos antioxidantes puedan tener en los sujetos con un adecuado estado nutricional, y sugiere que su consumo podría no ser seguro en comparación con las vitaminas y minerales contenidos naturalmente, en los alimentos. Los meta-análisis realizados, con estudios randomizados no han logrado demostrar efectos bené cos de la suplementación con multivitaminas sobre la mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas, y más bien, algunos análisis han sugerido que los β –catorenos, la vitamina A y la vitamina E podrían aumentar el riesgo de muerte.
Observational studies have consistently demonstrated a positive association between high fruits and vegetables intake and a reduced risk of heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, and other chronic diseases. Under the premise that vitamin and mineral supplements can have the same effects of those naturally found in food, many people are using them to prevent or treat chronic diseases. But in spite of intensive research, the beneftial effect of antioxidant supplements is still not clear. The US National Institute of Health states that there is not enough evidence to recommend or discourage the use of multivitamin supplements to prevent chronic diseases. Growing scientifc data questions the beneftial Value of supplementing with antioxidant vitamins, in well nourished population and raises the possibility that they may not be safe compared with vitamin consumption within a healthy diet. Meta-analyses of randomized trials have failed to demonstrate that supplementations with antioxidant vitamins can have beneftial effects on mortality. Even more, some analyses suggested that β-carotenes, vitamin A or vitamin E can increase the risk of death.
Observational studies have consistently demonstrated a positive association between high fruits and vegetables intake and a reduced risk of heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, and other chronic diseases. Under the premise that vitamin and mineral supplements can have the same effects of those naturally found in food, many people are using them to prevent or treat chronic diseases. But in spite of intensive research, the beneftial effect of antioxidant supplements is still not clear. The US National Institute of Health states that there is not enough evidence to recommend or discourage the use of multivitamin supplements to prevent chronic diseases. Growing scientifc data questions the beneftial Value of supplementing with antioxidant vitamins, in well nourished population and raises the possibility that they may not be safe compared with vitamin consumption within a healthy diet. Meta-analyses of randomized trials have failed to demonstrate that supplementations with antioxidant vitamins can have beneftial effects on mortality. Even more, some analyses suggested that β-carotenes, vitamin A or vitamin E can increase the risk of death.
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Suplementos, Vitaminas, Minerales, Enfermedades crónicas, Supplements, Vitamins, Minerals, Chronic diseases, 616.044 Enfermedades crónicas
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http://www.scielo.sa.cr/pdf/amc/v51n3/a05v51n3.pdf
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