Comparación de enfoques de diplomacia cultural en Guatemala, El Salvador, Panamá y Costa Rica: Tendencias actuales y buenas prácticas para la gestión costarricense
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Salas Pereira, Rubén Mario
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Abstract
La diplomacia cultural ha sido ampliamente utilizada por los Estados a lo largo de los siglos para convencer, seducir y sensibilizar a través de elementos simbólicos en favor de sus intereses políticos, económicos y de cooperación. Como instrumento de la diplomacia pública y del soft power, ha permitido ingresar hábilmente en nuevas culturas, y permear positivamente en las ya conocidas, no solo para fortalecer los lazos ya existentes de amistad, comerciales y políticos, sino para abrir nuevas oportunidades y construir nuevos puentes, en apoyo a los intereses nacionales. Son múltiples los casos de éxito en el mundo, entre los cuales se reconoce el amplio trabajo de penetración cultural que realizan por ejemplo instituciones adscritas a los Ministerios de Relaciones Exteriores, como es el caso del British Council, el Instituto Goethe, y la Alianza Francesa. El presente trabajo de investigación describe las acciones recientes de acción cultural exterior desde una perspectiva institucional en Guatemala, El Salvador, Panamá y Costa Rica, seleccionados por la proximidad no solo geográfica, sino además por las similitudes poblacionales, económicas y culturales, con el objetivo de explorar la posibilidad de distinguir en ellas algunas buenas prácticas para la gestión costarricense. Con ello se pretende aportar insumos al Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto de Cosa Rica, para el desarrollo, deseablemente en el corto plazo, de una estrategia robusta de acción cultural exterior, dentro de su modelo de gestión pública y relaciones internacionales.
Cultural diplomacy has been widely used by States over the centuries to convince, seduce, and sensitize through symbolic elements in favor of their political, economic and cooperation interests. As an instrument of public diplomacy and “soft power”, it has made it possible to skillfully enter new cultures, and positively permeate those already known, not only to strengthen existing friendship, commercial and political bonds, but to open new opportunities and build new bridges, in support of national interests. There are many success stories in the world, among which is recognized the extensive work of cultural penetration carried out, for example, by institutions attached to the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, such as: the British Council, the Goethe Institute, and the Alliance Française. This research report describes the recent actions of foreign cultural action from an institutional perspective in Guatemala, El Salvador, Panama, and Costa Rica, selected for the proximity not only geographical, but also for their populational, economic, and cultural similarities, with the aim of exploring the possibility of distinguishing in their actions some good practices for implementing a cultural diplomacy strategy in Costa Rica. This is intended to provide inputs to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship of Costa Rica, for the development, hopefully in the short term, of a robust strategy of foreign cultural action, within its public management model and international relations.
Cultural diplomacy has been widely used by States over the centuries to convince, seduce, and sensitize through symbolic elements in favor of their political, economic and cooperation interests. As an instrument of public diplomacy and “soft power”, it has made it possible to skillfully enter new cultures, and positively permeate those already known, not only to strengthen existing friendship, commercial and political bonds, but to open new opportunities and build new bridges, in support of national interests. There are many success stories in the world, among which is recognized the extensive work of cultural penetration carried out, for example, by institutions attached to the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, such as: the British Council, the Goethe Institute, and the Alliance Française. This research report describes the recent actions of foreign cultural action from an institutional perspective in Guatemala, El Salvador, Panama, and Costa Rica, selected for the proximity not only geographical, but also for their populational, economic, and cultural similarities, with the aim of exploring the possibility of distinguishing in their actions some good practices for implementing a cultural diplomacy strategy in Costa Rica. This is intended to provide inputs to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship of Costa Rica, for the development, hopefully in the short term, of a robust strategy of foreign cultural action, within its public management model and international relations.
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Diplomacia cultural, Cultura, Acción cultural exterior, GUATEMALA, EL SALVADOR, PANAMÁ, COSTA RICA