Efecto de la densidad de siembra y volumen de sustrato sobre parámetros de riego y rendimiento de chile dulce ‘Dulcitico’, en hidroponía bajo invernadero
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Soto Bravo, Freddy
Araya Cubero, Elvis Ariel
Echandi Gurdián, Carlos
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Abstract
La investigación se realizó de abril a
setiembre de 2016, en la Estación Experimental
Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno de la Universidad
de Costa Rica, Alajuela, Costa Rica, con el
híbrido costarricense de chile dulce ‘Dulcitico’,
en sistema hidropónico bajo invernadero. Se
evaluó el efecto de 2 densidades de siembra (1,4
y 2,4 plantas.m-2) y 3 volúmenes de sustrato (7,
14 y 21 L.planta-1) sobre el rendimiento, contenido
de agua total disponible (ATD) en el sustrato,
drenaje, evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) y
eficiencia de uso de agua (EUA). Se utilizó un
diseño de 3 bloques completos al azar con arreglo
bifactorial de tratamientos 2 x 3. La ETc se
obtuvo mediante balance de agua en el sustrato y
la EUA como el cociente entre rendimiento y la
ETc. Para todas las variables de respuesta, no se
observaron diferencias entre ambas densidades
de siembra, conforme se incrementó el volumen
de sustrato desde 7 hasta 21 L (p<0,05). Ambos
factores afectaron (p<0,05) de forma independiente
a todas las variables; excepto el ATD y el rendimiento, que únicamente fueron afectados
(p<0,05) por el volumen de sustrato y la densidad
de plantas, respectivamente. En todos los casos,
el efecto de mayor magnitud fue debido al factor
densidad. El volumen de sustrato no afectó el
rendimiento, sin embargo, contribuyó a mejorar
la EUA al reducir los volúmenes de riego, de ETc
y de drenaje. A mayor densidad de siembra incrementó
el rendimiento (kg.m-2), pero redujo la
EUA, debido a un mayor consumo de agua (ETc),
y mayores volúmenes de riego, de ATD y de drenaje.
La mayor EUA se obtuvo a 1,4 plantas.m-2
y 7 L de sustrato.planta-1, por una reducción de
13% en la ETc respecto al cultivo con 21 L de
sustrato.planta-1 y 2,4 plantas.m-2.
The research was conducted from April to September 2016, at the Fabio Baudrit Moreno Agricultural Experimental Station of the University of Costa Rica, Alajuela, Costa Rica, with the Costa Rican hybrid of sweet pepper ‘Dulcitico’, in hydroponic system under greenhouse. The effect of 2 planting densities (1.4 and 2.4 plants.m-2) and 3 volumes of substrate (7, 14 and 21 L.plant-1) on the yield, total available water content (ATD) in the substrate, drainage, crop evapotranspiration (ETc ) and water use efficiency (EUA) were evaluated. A design of 3 complete blocks at random with a factorial arrangement of 2 x 3 treatments was used. The ETc was obtained by water balance in the substrate and the EUA as a result of the ratio between yield and ETc . For all the response variables, no different trends were observed between the two planting densities, as the substrate volume was increased from 7 to 21 L (p<0.05). Both factors affected (p<0.05) independently all the variables; except the ATD and yield, which were only affected (p<0.05) by the volume of substrate and plant density, respectively. In all cases, the effect of greater magnitude was due to the density factor. The volume of substrate did not affect the yield, however, it contributed to improve the EUA by reducing the volumes of irrigation, ETc and drainage. Higher planting density increased yield (kg.m-2), but reduced the EUA due to higher water consumption (ETc ) and higher volumes of irrigation, ATD and drainage. The highest EUA was obtained at 1.4 plants.m-2 and 7 L of substrate.plant-1, due to a reduction of 13% in the ETc with respect to the crop with 21 L of substrate.plant-1 and 2.4 plants.m-2.
The research was conducted from April to September 2016, at the Fabio Baudrit Moreno Agricultural Experimental Station of the University of Costa Rica, Alajuela, Costa Rica, with the Costa Rican hybrid of sweet pepper ‘Dulcitico’, in hydroponic system under greenhouse. The effect of 2 planting densities (1.4 and 2.4 plants.m-2) and 3 volumes of substrate (7, 14 and 21 L.plant-1) on the yield, total available water content (ATD) in the substrate, drainage, crop evapotranspiration (ETc ) and water use efficiency (EUA) were evaluated. A design of 3 complete blocks at random with a factorial arrangement of 2 x 3 treatments was used. The ETc was obtained by water balance in the substrate and the EUA as a result of the ratio between yield and ETc . For all the response variables, no different trends were observed between the two planting densities, as the substrate volume was increased from 7 to 21 L (p<0.05). Both factors affected (p<0.05) independently all the variables; except the ATD and yield, which were only affected (p<0.05) by the volume of substrate and plant density, respectively. In all cases, the effect of greater magnitude was due to the density factor. The volume of substrate did not affect the yield, however, it contributed to improve the EUA by reducing the volumes of irrigation, ETc and drainage. Higher planting density increased yield (kg.m-2), but reduced the EUA due to higher water consumption (ETc ) and higher volumes of irrigation, ATD and drainage. The highest EUA was obtained at 1.4 plants.m-2 and 7 L of substrate.plant-1, due to a reduction of 13% in the ETc with respect to the crop with 21 L of substrate.plant-1 and 2.4 plants.m-2.
Description
Keywords
Manejo del riego, Humedad del sustrato, Densidad de siembra, Volumen de sustrato, Irrigation management, Substrate water content, Planting density, Substrate volume
Citation
https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agrocost/article/view/40001