Frecuencia de los hongos asociados al desarrollo de mohos poscosecha en el pedúnculo de la piña en dos zonas de Costa Rica
Fecha
2017
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Castro Chinchilla, Johanny
Umaña Rojas, Gerardina
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Resumen
La piña es uno de los principales cultivos de exportación en Costa Rica y la presencia de moho en el pedúnculo afecta su calidad en los mercados internacionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar en frutos de piña, en la cera aplicada sobre la fruta y en el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento, la frecuencia de los principales hongos asociados al desarrollo de mohos en el pedúnculo. Se realizó un muestreo mensual de abril de 2012 a marzo de 2013 en empacadoras de Sarapiquí y Puntarenas, Costa Rica. En cada empacadora se muestreó: frutos luego del proceso-comercial que se realiza para exportación y almacenamiento, la cera aplicada sobre la superficie de las frutas y el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento. Se realizó un análisis de frecuencia de los principales hongos recuperados por muestreo en cada zona, para la cáscara y el pedúnculo, la cera y el aire. Además, se comparó el crecimiento in vitro a 18°C de los hongos más frecuentes al finalizar los muestreos. El hongo más frecuente en las cámaras de enfriamiento, el pedúnculo y la cáscara de ambas zonas y en la cera de Sarapiquí fue Penicillium diversum, con valores entre 7% y 100%. Mientras que en la cera de Puntarenas únicamente destacó la presencia de un grupo de hongos de micelio blanco. P. purpureogenum, Penicillium sp., Talaromyces calidicanius y Cladosporium sp., fueron microorganismos también recuperados con alta frecuencia tanto en la fruta como en el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento de ambas empacadoras. P. purpureogenum, P. diversum y T. calidicanius fueron las especies con mayor crecimiento in vitro. Se concluyó que el manejo integrado de P. diversum, P. purpureogenum y T. calidicanius es necesario si se desea evitar el desarrollo de moho en el pedúnculo de la piña.
Pineapples are one of the top fruits exported from Costa Rica and its quality is affected by molds in the pedunculus at international markets. The objective of this research was to determine in pineapple fruits in the wax applied to the surface of fruits and in the air of cooling rooms, the frequency of the main fungi associated with the development of the molds in the pedunculus. From April 2012 to March 2013 monthly sampling was carried out in 2 packing houses in Sarapiquí and Puntarenas, Costa Rica. In each packing house, fruits were sampled after commercial processing for export and storage and the applied wax on the surface of the fruits and the air of the cooling rooms was sampled too. An analysis of the frequency of the main fungi recovered by the sampling in each zone for the peel and peduncle, the wax and the air was done. Also, it was compared the in vitro growth at 18ºC of the most frequent fungi at the end of the samplings. The most frequent fungi in cooling rooms, peduncle, peel from both zones and in the wax of Sarapiquí was Penicillium diversum showing the highest frequency, with values between 7% and 100%. While in the wax of Puntarenas, only the presence of a group of white mycelium fungi highlighted. P. purpureogenum, Penicillium sp., Talaromyces calidicanius and Cladosporium sp., were microorganisms also recovered with high frequency both in fruit and in the air of the cooling rooms of the both packing houses. P. purpureogenum, P. diversum and T. calidicanius were the species with the higher growth in vitro. It was concluded that the integrated management of P. purpureogenum, P. diversum and T. calidicanius is necessary if development of pineapple molds is to be avoided in the pedunculus.
Pineapples are one of the top fruits exported from Costa Rica and its quality is affected by molds in the pedunculus at international markets. The objective of this research was to determine in pineapple fruits in the wax applied to the surface of fruits and in the air of cooling rooms, the frequency of the main fungi associated with the development of the molds in the pedunculus. From April 2012 to March 2013 monthly sampling was carried out in 2 packing houses in Sarapiquí and Puntarenas, Costa Rica. In each packing house, fruits were sampled after commercial processing for export and storage and the applied wax on the surface of the fruits and the air of the cooling rooms was sampled too. An analysis of the frequency of the main fungi recovered by the sampling in each zone for the peel and peduncle, the wax and the air was done. Also, it was compared the in vitro growth at 18ºC of the most frequent fungi at the end of the samplings. The most frequent fungi in cooling rooms, peduncle, peel from both zones and in the wax of Sarapiquí was Penicillium diversum showing the highest frequency, with values between 7% and 100%. While in the wax of Puntarenas, only the presence of a group of white mycelium fungi highlighted. P. purpureogenum, Penicillium sp., Talaromyces calidicanius and Cladosporium sp., were microorganisms also recovered with high frequency both in fruit and in the air of the cooling rooms of the both packing houses. P. purpureogenum, P. diversum and T. calidicanius were the species with the higher growth in vitro. It was concluded that the integrated management of P. purpureogenum, P. diversum and T. calidicanius is necessary if development of pineapple molds is to be avoided in the pedunculus.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Ananas comosus, Penicillium, Mohos, Frecuencia, Poscosecha, Cera, Cámaras de enfriamiento, Molds, Frequency, Postharvest, Wax, Cooling rooms