Resultados del tratamiento de prolapso de órganos pélvicos con pesario en la calidad de vida de pacientes del Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital México durante un período de 180 días
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Arroyo Sánchez, Gloriana
Mora Delgado, Melissa
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Abstract
Objetivos: El propósito general de este estudio fue describir el resultado del uso de pesarios en la calidad de vida de las pacientes con patología de prolapso de órganos pélvicos tratadas en el Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital México de enero a junio del 2019. Adicionalmente se realizó una caracterización demográfica y clínica de las pacientes estudiadas, para identificar las variables asociadas con mayor tasa de éxito en el tratamiento con pesarios; se determinó el tipo y estadio de prolapso de órganos pélvicos relacionado con mayor beneficio del uso de pesario, así como el tipo y tamaño de pesario asociado con mejor aceptación entre las pacientes y se identificaron las principales causas de descontinuación de la terapia con pesario y la tasa de satisfacción de las pacientes.
Metodología: Se desarrolló un estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal, que tomó como población de estudio a pacientes del Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital México, a quienes se le prescribiera tratamiento con pesario para su prolapso de órgano pélvico durante un período de 180 días, comprendido entre los meses de Enero y Junio del 2019. Para el reclutamiento de las pacientes y recolección de datos, se identificó aquellas que cumplieran con los criterios de inclusión, se utilizó como instrumento de recolección de datos el “Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida en Prolapso” (P-QOL por sus siglas en inglés) en su versión en el lenguaje español; el cual fue contestado por la participante en la primera cita en la cual se le estuviera colocando el pesario, y posteriormente una vez más en su seguimiento en 2 meses. Una vez obtenido el análisis descriptivo de las variables, se realizó un análisis inferencial con modelos de regresión y análisis de correlación entre variables; mediante los programas estadísticos SPSS, EXCEL Y “R”.
Resultados: Un total de 34 pacientes se identificaron preliminarmente como participantes, posterior a aplicar los criterios de exclusión tuvieron que eliminarse 11 pacientes, teniendo como muestra final 23 pacientes. Con respecto a sus características demográficas y clínicas un el 100% de la muestra eran pacientes con edades mayores a los 35 años. La mayoría (un 74.1%) tenía estudios de primaria. El 86.9% de las pacientes reportó ser amas de casa de profesión. La mayoría (60.9%) indicó no tener vida sexual activa. Un 78% tenía ≥3 embarazos. Un 69% tenía un diagnóstioco de un prolapso apical, y la mayoría (un 56.7%) tenían un prolapso estadio III. Los tipos de pesario más frecuentemente colocados fueron dona y gellhorn, cada uno de estos colocados en un 30.4% de pacientes respectivamente. Un 39.1% del total de la muestra, se clasificó en la categoría de obesidad. Con respecto a
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la satisfacción con el método la mayoría de las pacientes no presentó efectos adversos, se reportó una tasa de éxito del tratamiento de 59% vs un 41% de falla. El análisis de regresión, indicó que existen únicamente 4 variables de satisfacción que son significativamente impactadas por el éxito del pesario (estadísticamente significativas con al menos un 85% de confianza), las cuales son: medidas de severidad, limitaciones de rol, limitaciones físicas y limitaciones sociales.
Conclusión: La tasa de éxito del tratamiento con pesario en la población estudiada fue de un 59%. Al tratarse de un método poco invasivo, con una tasa de éxito no despreciable, se concluye es de vital importancia en nuestro medio valorarlo como opción en el manejo de pacientes con prolapso urogenital. A la hora de definir las pacientes con mayor probabilidad de tener un tratamiento exitoso con el pesario, se debe considerar aquellas que tengan molestias relacionadas con el prolapso que afecten las siguientes áreas de la calidad de vida: limitaciones del rol, limitaciones físicas, limitaciones sociales y medidas de severidad; siendo esta última la más relevante.
Objectives: The general purpose of this study was to describe the results of the use of pessaries in the quality of life of patients with pelvic organ prolapse pathology treated in the Gynecology Department of the Hospital México from January to June 2019. Additionally, a demographic and clinical characterization of the patients was carried out, to identify the variables associated with a higher success rate in the pessary treatment; the type and stage of pelvic organ prolapse related to greater benefit of pessary use, as well as the type and size of pessary associated with better acceptance among patients and the main causes of discontinuation of pessary therapy as well as the patient satisfaction rate. Methodology: A longitudinal descriptive observational study was developed, which took as a study population, patients from the Gynecology Service of Hospital México, who were prescribed pessary treatment for their pelvic organ prolapse during a period of 180 days, between the months of January and June 2019. For the recruitment of patients and data collection, those that met the inclusion criteria were identified, then the quality of life questionnaire in prolapse was used as a data collection tool in its Spanish version; which was answered by the participant in the first appointment in which the pessary was being placed, and then once again in its follow-up in 2 months. Once the descriptive analysis of the variables was obtained, an inferential analysis was made with regression models and analysis of correlation between variables; through the statistical programs SPSS, EXCEL and "R". Results: A total of 34 patients were preliminarily identified as participants, after applying the exclusion criteria, 11 patients had to be eliminated, with 23 patients being the final sample. With regard to its demographic and clinical characteristics, 100% of the sample were patients aged over 35 years. The majority (74.1%) had middle school studies. 86.9% of the patients reported being housewives. The majority (60.9%) indicated not having an active sex life. 78% had ≥3 pregnancies. 79% had a diagnosis of an apical prolapse, and the majority (56.7%) had stage III prolapse. The types of pessaries most frequently placed were donut and gellhorn, each of these placed in 30.4% of patients respectively. 39.1% of the total sample was classified in the obesity category. Regarding the satisfaction with the method, most of the patients did not present adverse effects, a treatment success rate of 59% vs 41% of failure was reported. The regression analysis indicated that there are only 4 3 satisfaction variables that are significantly impacted by the success of the pessary (statistically significant with at least 85% confidence), which are: measures of severity, role limitations, physical limitations and social limitations. Conclusion: The success rate of the pessary treatment in the study population was 59%, as it is a minimally invasive method, with a not insignificant success rate, it is concluded that it is of vital importance in our setting to value it as an option in the management of patients with urogenital prolapse. When defining the patients most likely to have successful treatment with the pessary, those with prolapse related discomfort that affect the following areas of quality of life should be considered: role limitations, physical limitations, social limitations and severity measures; the latter being the most relevant.
Objectives: The general purpose of this study was to describe the results of the use of pessaries in the quality of life of patients with pelvic organ prolapse pathology treated in the Gynecology Department of the Hospital México from January to June 2019. Additionally, a demographic and clinical characterization of the patients was carried out, to identify the variables associated with a higher success rate in the pessary treatment; the type and stage of pelvic organ prolapse related to greater benefit of pessary use, as well as the type and size of pessary associated with better acceptance among patients and the main causes of discontinuation of pessary therapy as well as the patient satisfaction rate. Methodology: A longitudinal descriptive observational study was developed, which took as a study population, patients from the Gynecology Service of Hospital México, who were prescribed pessary treatment for their pelvic organ prolapse during a period of 180 days, between the months of January and June 2019. For the recruitment of patients and data collection, those that met the inclusion criteria were identified, then the quality of life questionnaire in prolapse was used as a data collection tool in its Spanish version; which was answered by the participant in the first appointment in which the pessary was being placed, and then once again in its follow-up in 2 months. Once the descriptive analysis of the variables was obtained, an inferential analysis was made with regression models and analysis of correlation between variables; through the statistical programs SPSS, EXCEL and "R". Results: A total of 34 patients were preliminarily identified as participants, after applying the exclusion criteria, 11 patients had to be eliminated, with 23 patients being the final sample. With regard to its demographic and clinical characteristics, 100% of the sample were patients aged over 35 years. The majority (74.1%) had middle school studies. 86.9% of the patients reported being housewives. The majority (60.9%) indicated not having an active sex life. 78% had ≥3 pregnancies. 79% had a diagnosis of an apical prolapse, and the majority (56.7%) had stage III prolapse. The types of pessaries most frequently placed were donut and gellhorn, each of these placed in 30.4% of patients respectively. 39.1% of the total sample was classified in the obesity category. Regarding the satisfaction with the method, most of the patients did not present adverse effects, a treatment success rate of 59% vs 41% of failure was reported. The regression analysis indicated that there are only 4 3 satisfaction variables that are significantly impacted by the success of the pessary (statistically significant with at least 85% confidence), which are: measures of severity, role limitations, physical limitations and social limitations. Conclusion: The success rate of the pessary treatment in the study population was 59%, as it is a minimally invasive method, with a not insignificant success rate, it is concluded that it is of vital importance in our setting to value it as an option in the management of patients with urogenital prolapse. When defining the patients most likely to have successful treatment with the pessary, those with prolapse related discomfort that affect the following areas of quality of life should be considered: role limitations, physical limitations, social limitations and severity measures; the latter being the most relevant.
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Keywords
Pesarios, Calidad de vida, Ginecología, Prolapso de órganos pélvicos