Programa educativo preoperatorio dirigido a personas usuarias de los servicios de hospitalización del Centro Nacional de Rehabilitación Dr. Humberto Araya Rojas durante el año 2018
Archivos
Fecha
2020
Tipo
tesis de maestría
Autores
Herrera Castillo, Stephanie
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Resumen
De acuerdo con los datos estadísticos, FODA y árbol del problema del Centro Nacional de Rehabilitación Dr. Humberto Araya Rojas; se revela un déficit en la organización prequirúrgica. Es decir, una carencia que obstaculiza su capacidad competitiva y productiva para alcanzar sus objetivos. Esta corresponde a la falta del Programa de educación prequirúrgica dirigido a personas usuarias de los Servicios de Hospitalización (Sala 1 y Sala 2) del Centro Nacional de Rehabilitación.
Para su elaboración se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bibliografía nacional e internacional, se aplicaron entrevistas semiabiertas a personas claves, y los resultados se analizaron desde la Teoría de Seres Humanos Unitarios.
El Programa contiene los lineamientos de la educación preoperatoria de las personas usuarias que van a ser intervenidas quirúrgicamente del servicio de Hospitalización del CENARE, que permite la estandarización de la educación preoperatoria. La matriz educativa del taller, que se aplicará un mes antes de la cirugía, donde se inicia la intervención de la persona y su familia, ganar su confianza y dar una sensación de seguridad y tranquilidad.
Así mismo una guía para la charla preoperatoria, para indagar y abordar las necesidades educativas específicas presentes de cada persona; todo ello en conjunto consigue explicar, orientar, guiar y educar sobre su proceso perioperatorio a las personas usuarias, al disminuir la ansiedad y temor experimentado por los mismos; al incentivar su cuidado propio, al disminuir las complicaciones quirúrgicas, días de hospitalización, infecciones producto de la atención en salud, el tiempo de incapacidad y su incorporación de manera pronta a la sociedad.
De igual forma, se elabora el perfil por competencias del Profesional en Enfermería Quirúrgico, que lidere el proyecto, donde se aclaran las habilidades, competencias y características de este.
According to the statistical data, SWOT and problem tree of the National Rehabilitation Center Dr. Humberto Araya Rojas; a deficit in the presurgical organization is revealed. In other words, a deficiency that hinders their competitive and productive capacity to achieve their objectives. This corresponds to the lack of a pre-surgical education program aimed at users of the Hospitalization Services (Room 1 and Room 2) of the National Rehabilitation Center, and their families. For its preparation, an exhaustive search was carried out in national and international bibliography, semi-open interviews were applied to key people, and the results were analyzed from the Theory of Unitary Human Beings. The Program contains the guidelines for preoperative education for users who are going to undergo surgery at the CENARE Hospitalization service, which allows for the standardization of preoperative education. The educational matrix of the workshop, which will be applied one month before the surgery, where the intervention of the person and their family begins, gaining their trust and giving a feeling of security and tranquility. Likewise, a guide for the preoperative talk, to investigate and address the specific educational needs of each person; All this together manages to explain, orient, guide and educate users about their perioperative process, reducing the anxiety and fear experienced by them; encouraging their own care, reducing surgical complications, hospitalization days, infections resulting from health care, disability time and their early incorporation into society. Similarly, the competency profile of the Surgical Nursing Professional, who leads the project, is elaborated, where the abilities, competencies and characteristics of this are clarified.
According to the statistical data, SWOT and problem tree of the National Rehabilitation Center Dr. Humberto Araya Rojas; a deficit in the presurgical organization is revealed. In other words, a deficiency that hinders their competitive and productive capacity to achieve their objectives. This corresponds to the lack of a pre-surgical education program aimed at users of the Hospitalization Services (Room 1 and Room 2) of the National Rehabilitation Center, and their families. For its preparation, an exhaustive search was carried out in national and international bibliography, semi-open interviews were applied to key people, and the results were analyzed from the Theory of Unitary Human Beings. The Program contains the guidelines for preoperative education for users who are going to undergo surgery at the CENARE Hospitalization service, which allows for the standardization of preoperative education. The educational matrix of the workshop, which will be applied one month before the surgery, where the intervention of the person and their family begins, gaining their trust and giving a feeling of security and tranquility. Likewise, a guide for the preoperative talk, to investigate and address the specific educational needs of each person; All this together manages to explain, orient, guide and educate users about their perioperative process, reducing the anxiety and fear experienced by them; encouraging their own care, reducing surgical complications, hospitalization days, infections resulting from health care, disability time and their early incorporation into society. Similarly, the competency profile of the Surgical Nursing Professional, who leads the project, is elaborated, where the abilities, competencies and characteristics of this are clarified.
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Palabras clave
Educación preoperatoria, Enfermería Quirúrgica, Programa preoperatorio, Hospitalización